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A peripherally inserted central catheter line was placed and IV ceftriaxone (Rocephin) administered. . If a cat hasnt been vaccinated for rabies, contact a doctor to decide if you need treatment known as rabies postexposure prophylaxis (PEP). Bites that appear at first to be minor can ultimately end up requiring serious medical attention, with outcomes far worse than an apparently more damaging dog bite. At six-weeks postoperative, Mr. H had full range of motion and increased strength in the right hand. The patients involved in the study were all bitten on the hand. A fever is considered a temperature of 100.4 degrees Fahrenheit or higher. Immediately after the incident, Mr. H. washed his wounds with soap and water, applied antibiotic ointment, and took ibuprofen for pain relief. It is especially dangerous for a cat to bite the wrist or hand - all places where joints, bones and tendons are close to the surface. Do not allow kittens and young cats to play with your hands. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help . Published in February in the Journal of Hand Surgery the study looked at 193 patients who received treatment for a cat bite on the hand from January 2009 through 2011. But while a kitten bite may be cute, an adult cat bite can be painful. Nine patients (Group B) presented later than 48 hours. Twenty cases of cat bites to the hand and wrist were retrospectively reviewed between 2014 and 2018. As for Mr. Bink's, she said they are still on good terms, but things have changed. If left untreated, cat bite infections can spread to other parts of the body, causing a condition called septicemia (blood poisoning), which requires hospitalization. While five- to nine-year-old males are the principal victims of dog bites, middle-aged women were the most common victims of cat bites to the hand, according to the Mayo Clinic study. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal The hand should be splinted in the functional position and elevated. Common pathogens include Pasteurella species, Staphylococcus aureus, streptococci, anaerobes, Capnocytophaga, Moraxella, Corynebacterium, and Neisseria. Bothun said she waited one week after her black cat, Mr. Binks, bit her hand to go to Saint Mary's Hospital, part of the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! Please login or register first to view this content. what holidays is belk closed; is lamarca prosecco vegan; A more serious infection may lead to pus or what looks like red streaks down your skin and may cause fever. Of these, 78% (n = 7) underwent multiple operations secondary to septic arthritis, osteomyelitis, necrotising fasciitis and deep collection. An official website of the United States government. The pain almost drove me up the wall.". The drug of choice is amoxicillin/clavulanate 875 mg/125 mg b.i.d. Cats, meanwhile, have sharp teeth and that dramatically increases the risk for a cat bite infection. Dog or cat bites to the hands are the most severe injuries, often requiring surgical intervention and hospitalization.1 Infectious complications occur in approximately 50% of cat bites whereas with dog bites, the overall estimated infection rate is 2% to 20%. Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. First, be sure to clean the wound. In more extreme cases, redirected aggression can cause a cat to lash out at her guardian and cause severe damage. FOIA According to a study in the New England Journal of Medicine, the average patient with a cat bite first noticed their infections about 12 hours after the bite. The skin usually flaps over the bite, thereby sealing off . The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). A doctor may give you a tetanus vaccine booster if you havent had a tetanus vaccine in the last 5 years. Complications were common among these patients. They respond aggressively when their home is disturbed, biting and injecting venom. They can seed bacteria in the joint and tendon sheaths. in New Orleans, where he was awarded the Orthopedic Surgery award. Sbai MA, et al. del Mar Amador M, et al. Rabies is rare but deadly. Tetanus is a serious infection caused by a bacterium called Clostridium tetani. With these locations, it's not hard for a cat to puncture a joint or the layer of membrane that covers a tendon. 2. There is no such thing as a simple cat bite, yet most patients are unaware of the potential for harm, and they delay or fail to seek immediate evaluation and treatment. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), there are only 1 to 3 cases in the United States each year. The type of animal involved will determine the specific injury that occurs; cats have a weaker bite but sharper teeth, therefore cause deep puncture wounds, whilst dogs have a strong bite . The treatment of such infections often requires hospitalization, intravenous antibiotic therapy, and operative treatment. . Epub 2022 Jul 20. The subjects were 18 females and two males aged 27-86 years (mean age of 58 years). In these cases, the researchers said, the wound should be treated aggressively. Delayed presentation of infected cat bites increased the likelihood of more complicated surgeries such as amputation. Musculoskeletal and Connective Tissue Disorders, Amoxil, Dispermox, Moxatag, Moxilin , Sumox, Trimox, Biocef, Daxbia , Keflex, Keftab, Panixine, Cleocin, Cleocin Ovules, Cleocin Pediatric, Cleocin T, CLIN, Clindacin ETZ, Clindacin-P, Clinda-Derm , Clindagel, ClindaMax, ClindaReach, Clindesse, Clindets, Evoclin, PledgaClin, XACIATO, Acticlate, Adoxa, Adoxa Pak, Avidoxy, Doryx, Doxal, Doxy 100, LYMEPAK, Mondoxyne NL, Monodox, Morgidox 1x, Morgidox 2x , Okebo, Oracea, Oraxyl, Periostat, TARGADOX, Vibramycin, Vibra-Tabs. 1984 May;63(3):133-54. 5. Cat bites with infections can become not only painful, but also red or discolored, and swollen. Their razor-sharp teeth and nails can puncture deeply, sometimes penetrating tissues, ligaments and tendons. . 28 Dog bites cause approximately 0.4 percent of emergency department visits and account for 60. POA Help "Present On Admission" is defined as present at the time the order for inpatient admission occurs conditions that develop during an outpatient encounter, including emergency department, observation, or outpatient surgery, are considered POA. red streaks that run up your hand and arm. SEE MORE: Symptoms of Infected Cat Bite and Steps To Take For A Cat Bite. A cat bite is quite common and should always be treated by a doctor. Puncture wounds from a cat bite have a high risk of infection. You can contract cat scratch fever from cats infected with Bartonella henselae bacteria. Pasteurella multocida infections. If the patient is allergic to penicillin, recommend doxycyline 100 mg b.i.d. Enechukwu AOM, Bucher F, Dastagir K, Jokuszies A, Vogt PM, Knneker S. Ann Med Surg (Lond). Disclaimer. Although the diagnosis of infected bite wounds of the hand is clinical, x-rays should be taken to detect fracture or teeth or other foreign bodies that could be a nidus of continuing infection. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the 2022 Mar 24;7(1):e21.00084. PEP isnt generally needed if the cat isnt showing signs of rabies, but the cat should be monitored for at least 10 days to be sure. 2006;31:468-473. Am Fam Physician. And of course, most of us will pet stray cats we meet along the way, but not all seemingly friendly cats remain friendly after being approached by strangers. All rights reserved. In most cases, bites that were positioned directly over the wrist or another joint were more likely to result in hospitalization than bites to soft tissue, the researchers said. Wrist tendinitis (tendonitis) is inflammation in the tendons that connect your lower arm to the bones in your fingers. The study showed that administering antibiotics failed in 21 of the 193 patients, who later received treatment in the hospital. Bliss 101 Registered User regular. It has to pierce deep enough to get into the muscle where there is a good amount of blood flow. But remember, if you are bitten, prompt medical care is required to prevent serious, even long-term complications from a cat bite infection. Small but deep punctures there led to a higher risk of hospitalization than bites into soft tissue, according to the study. These include: An infection from a cat bite may set in within a few hours, but it can take 10 days or more for some infections, like cat-scratch disease, to start showing symptoms. Mr. Hs medical history included hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and tobacco abuse. [Brusalis, 2017] Penetrating injuries are the most common (ex, cat scratch/bite). On physical examination, BP was 118/80, pulse 106, respiratory rate 20 breaths per minute, temperature 99.9F, and pulse oxygenation 98%. Learn about symptoms in cats and humans, and get facts on. But if an unvaccinated cat has bitten you, you must take the bite seriously. Dog and cat bites to the hand: treatment and cost assessment. While cat bites look a lot smaller than dog bites, cat bites have certain features that make them more dangerous. This virus is almost always fatal when untreated, but its extremely rare. Please note that by doing so you agree to be added to our monthly email newsletter distribution list. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. For 14 percent of these patients, outpatient treatment with antibiotics didn't work and they needed to be hospitalized. Arnica, a homeopathic remedy, can help prevent bruising, and Ledum can help prevent infection. (See also complex read more .). Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies Copyright 2023 Haymarket Media, Inc. All Rights Reserved eCollection 2021 Nov. Savu AN, Schoenbrunner AR, Politi R, Janis JE. There is not very much bloodflow to the tendon sheath. Cat bite infections of the hand: assessment of morbidity and predictors of severe infection. Dutton LK, Hinchcliff KM, Logli AL, Mallett KE, Suh GA, Rizzo M. JB JS Open Access. The bites can even be so deep that they damage a victim's nerves, tendons and . They are most often located on the upper extremities and are almost always accompanied by scratches [2-4]. Misunderstanding this risk has led to a worrying number of hospitalizations, as patients require surgery to clean wounds or remove tissue thats become infected. When a cat lands on the ground incorrectly after jumping, the ligaments and tendons are at risk of tearing, rupturing or breaking down over time. Cat scratch disease (CSD) (also known as cat scratch fever) is an infection caused by the bacteria Bartonella henselae. ANZ J Surg. 'The wrist is packed with tendons and blood vessels, so infection can be pumped to . Should You Pop the Blisters Caused by Fire Ant Stings? The subjects were 18 females and two males aged 27-86 years (mean age of 58 years). Mr. H. was then sent for immediate orthopedic surgical evaluation. 1. But remember, if you are bitten, prompt medical care is required to prevent serious, even long-term complications from a cat bite infection. Minor injuries from family pets may lead to serious wounds, facial damage, and emotional problems. As your body works to fight the bacteria in the cat bite, you may develop a fever. He graduated magna cum laude with a degree in biological sciences from. Dr. Brandon P. Donnelly | Board Certified Orthopedic Surgeon. We avoid using tertiary references. There are a few people, that develop severe allergic reactions to flea bites and can get irritated by a single bite. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. "Cat bites look very benign, but -- as we know and as the study shows -- they are not," Carlsen said. Cats bite mostly on hands, arms or legs. Dog or cat bites to the hands are the most severe injuries, often requiring surgical intervention and hospitalization.1 Infectious complications occur in approximately 50% of cat bites. Pulling away, Mr. H fell back and landed on a coffee table with his open right hand hyperextended. Here's what you need to know. After receiving his medical degree fromLouisiana State University (LSU) Health Sciences Center in New Orleans, where he was awarded the Orthopedic Surgery award. "They can be very serious. Close more info about Pain, tingling, and limited range of motion after a cat bite to the finger, Lori L. Henderson, DNP-c, MSN , APNP-BC, and Teri Kaul, PhD, APRN, Botched cryotherapy procedure leads to painful bullous lesion. The researchers said 57 of the patients who were bitten needed to be hospitalized, but only 36 had been admitted immediately after seeking medical treatment. 1995 Aug;52(2):479-85, 489-90. Bats are one of the most common carriers of rabies. Tendons And Ligaments In The Hand Are. Dog bites take about twice as long to set in. About half the patients visited an emergency room, while the rest went to their primary-care physician. - The management of bite wounds in children--A retrospective analysis at a level I trauma centre . Wounds are not closed after initial treatment so that any . He said people tend to ignore cat bites because they are so small, but they can lead to a laundry list of medical treatments. "The infection from the cat bite reached my tendon," Bothun said. But bewareyour cat can make you sick. Purpose: PMC Discharge instructions and wound-care handouts were provided. Any time the skin is punctured, you will experience some level of discomfort, but this initial pain should subside. If the patient is allergic to penicillin, clindamycin 300 mg orally every 6 hours can be used. Polymers (Basel). Not surprising to most who have owned a cat(s), your author included, cat bites most often end up on the hands and arms. for three to five days. Dog and cat bites. According to a 2018 research review, infection occurs in about 50 percent of cat bites in children. The small but deep puncture wounds are. "Never doubt that a small group of thoughtful, committed citizens can change the world. In rare cases, these infections can be fatal. Cat bite; animal bite; infection. "It may look like a pin prick, but rule of thumb go see a doctor if a cat bites your hand," Carlsen said. We write about feline health, nutrition, lifestyle, and so many other interesting topics! (2014). official website and that any information you provide is encrypted 2023 USA TODAY, a division of Gannett Satellite Information Network, LLC. Animal bites on your hand and fingers are common, especially from pets like dogs and cats. Therapeutic III. Obviously, the best bite is the one that has been prevented. Issues related to infectious tenosynovitis will be reviewed here. Signs and symptoms warranting earlier evaluation (e.g., fever, chills, increasing edema, erythema, numbness, drainage, and pain) were discussed. Thirty percent (n = 57) of patients with cat bites to the hand were hospitalized. Domestic animals, like dogs and cats, are responsible for the majority of animal bites. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. Of those admitted to the hospital, 38 patients needed surgery to clean the wound or remove infected tissue. J Hand Surg Am. Cat Bites: Dont Take Them Lightly (Info & Treatment). He described a nonradiating pain in the tip of the second digit with limited flexion. eCollection 2022. How long after a cat bite does infection set in? tenderness or pain under your elbow or armpit due to swollen lymph nodes. Cat bites are about twice as likely as dog bites to get infected. Tendons can rupture and may require surgery. Cat bites need to be taken seriously and carefully evaluated by doctors, the study authors said. An infected cat bite wound will be red, swollen, and painful, and the infection can spread through the surrounding tissues, causing a condition called cellulitis, or through the blood to other areas of the body, causing a condition called septicemia (often called blood poisoning). You love your cat. These red streaks are from the infection traveling down your lymph system. A small puncture wound, particularly from a human or cat bite, may involve significant injury to the tendon, joint capsule, or articular cartilage. Guidelines for the treatment of cat and dog bites in humans. Nelson CA, et al. Current medications included lisinopril 10 mg daily and pravastatin 20 mg daily. Noninfected bite wounds may require surgical debridement and prophylaxis with 50% of the dose of antibiotic used to treat infected wounds. Read more about types of bites, symptoms, and treatments. any link with venom from cat bite affecting central nervous system? Mr. H, age 45 years, presented to the clinic following a cat bite to his right hand 14 hours prior. Dawn Bothun, of Minnesota said a bite on her hand turned into an eight-week hospital ordeal and $150,000 in medical bills. We identified 193 patients in a 3-year period between January 1, 2009, and December 31, 2011. Cats teeth are sharp and pointy. "A bite on the thigh probably isn't an issue because the cat probably just bites the fat," Carlsen said. Mr. H was discharged the next day and told to return to the infusion center every day for the next two weeks for IV Rocephin. What is the potential risk associated with cat bites? Frost Bite most commonly injures your ears and nose. You may have to try a few different chemical and nonchemical approaches to get rid of bedbugs, especially if you have a large infestation. An infection from a cat bite can lead to more serious complications if not treated right away. If there is a lot of blood, apply pressure to stop the bleeding. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the J Hand Surg Am. Patients with clenched fist injuries tend to wait hours or days after the wound occurs before seeking medical attention, which increases the severity of the infection. Cureus is on a mission to change the long-standing paradigm of medical publishing, where submitting research can be costly, complex and time-consuming. Eikenella corrodens is often seen with human bite injuries and Pasteurella multocida is seen with dog and especially cat bite wounds. Weve summarized the best studies we could find below to cover everything you wanted to know, or perhaps didnt want to know, about cat bites. In the case of dogs and cats, thats not always the case. An official website of the United States government. 2006 Nov-Dec;106(6):692-5. doi: 10.1080/00015458.2006.11679983. reported a staggering 28-80 percent cat bite infection rate. In the study, researchers identified 193 Mayo Clinic patients with cat bites to the hand from January 1, 2009, through 2011. Skin infections, known as cellulitis, can occur quickly after a bite. According to a Mayo Clinic review of records for 193 cat bite victims, 36 were immediately admitted to the hospital, where they stayed an average of three days. While 3-18 percent of dog bites become infected. I now fear joint or bone or tendon . Before Dog and cat bites to the hand: treatment and cost assessment. Please confirm that you are a health care professional. The 2023 edition of ICD-10-CM S61.451A became effective on October 1, 2022. The wrist or any joint in the fingers are usually the. Felines' sharp teeth can inject harmful bacteria deep into joints and tissue, doctors warn. In todays blog post, Dr. Brandon P. Donnelly discusses why the risk of a cat bite infection has become a growing concern. And your cat loves you (in its own fashion). The information in this post is not a substitute for medical care. (2016). This site needs JavaScript to work properly. Results were negative for fracture, dislocation, and lytic or blastic lesions. Cat bites are more frequent in the mornings, in the summer, and in spring [4]. Dr. Kaul is the MSN and DNP Program Director and an associate professor at Concordia University Wisconsin in Mequon. Even though they dont look like much, a cats pinpoint bite marks can inject bacteria deeply into skin and joints, opening the door for a serious infection. Can Vitamin D affect your risk of heart disease? Benson LS, Edwards SL, Schiff AP, Williams CS, Visotsky JL. Watch the area carefully to see if there are signs of damaged nerves or tendons. 20 . 2004 Oct;74(10):859-62. doi: 10.1111/j.1445-1433.2004.03189.x. Give them time to calm down before approaching them. Prescribing an antibiotic prophylactically has shown to reduce the rate of infection from cat bites. An infectious disease consultation was ordered. INTRODUCTION. Patients with joint capsule penetration, tendon injury, or bites older than 24 hours were excluded. Pediatrics in review. Emergency Medicine 46 years experience. A prescription was given prophylactically for amoxicillin (Augmentin) 875 mg one orally b.i.d. cat bite wrist tendonjameel disu biography. This means that the cat's saliva has a chance to enter the sealed-off areas of joints and tendons, which make a prime breeding ground for the . The best way to know if youre dealing with bedbugs is to look for evidence of them in your home. Use soap and water or an antiseptic such as hydrogen peroxide or alcohol. ", SOURCE: Mayo Clinic, news release, Feb. 5, 2014. Look at the bite to evaluate how severe the victim's condition is. Part 2 Seek Medical Care for Severe Bites 1 Go to the doctor if your bite is too serious for you to care for it adequately. Cats bite for a variety of reasons. Avoidance of bites, prompt wound management, and judicious use of antibiotics decrease antimicrobial resistance and infection incidence. Use for phrases Recovery could take four to six months. Cat bites to the hand can be especially dangerous since tendon sheaths and joints are close to the surface in the hand and cat bites penetrate deeply. for three to five days or one double-strength trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole tablet b.i.d. Dont use harsh disinfectants or chemicals to clean the wound, as they may harm tissue and slow down healing. 2017 Dr. Brandon P. Donnelly The oral flora of humans includes Eikenella corrodens, staphylococci, streptococci, and anaerobes. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! In most jurisdictions, physicians are required to report animal bites to the local health department. These include: If the cat bite is deep, it can damage your tendon(s). extreme lower back pain after a nasty cat bite that required intravenus antibiotics in the hospital followed up with pain meds and antibiotics antiinflammatory meds, swelling decreasing throbbing pain decreasing, back pain is unbearable. Lim JS, et al. If you know the cat thats bitten you has a rabies vaccine, its unlikely that youll contract rabies. Although cats have no more germs in their mouths than dogs or people, researchers at the Mayo Clinic found that when cats bite, their sharp teeth can inject hard-to-treat bacteria deeply into the skin and joints, increasing the risk for serious infection. Dr. Donnelly is a board certified orthopedic surgeon specializing in injuries and ailments of the hand, wrist, and elbow. [Sepsis after cat bite-How medical history, physical examination and interdisciplinary cooperation influence disease progression]. Immediately wash the wound under running water. Tendon and tissue damage. Would you like email updates of new search results? While most bug bites cause only mild symptoms, some bug bites can transmit disease. (2021). "I washed the wounds on my wrist and put antiseptic on them," Bothun said. Acta Chir Belg. Kheiran A, Palial V, Rollett R, Wildin CJ, Chatterji U, Singh HP. Rapidly Progressive Infection of Hand After a Cat Bite. Clean bite wounds thoroughly with soap and water. You should not use this information in place of a consultation or the advice of your healthcare provider. Most cat bites are treated with antibiotics, with penicillin being the most commonly used drug. more serious symptoms of an infection, such as fever or muscle weakness. Microorganisms. 8600 Rockville Pike Diagnosis is made clinically by physical examination and performing various provocative tests depending on the location of the injury. Cat Bite Cellulitis Nadia F. from ePlasty. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help Cat bites create narrow, deep puncture wounds. Some bites require the use of antibiotics through an intravenous (IV), while others may be treated with oral medication. Risk factors associated with hospitalization included smoking, immunocompromised state, and location of bite over a joint or tendon sheath. The condition can cause pain when you grip and lift objects or move your wrist or fingers. Because cats have extremely sharp teeth, their bites penetrate the skin easily and cause small but deep wounds. Time from bite to presentation, white blood cell count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and C-reactive protein values at presentation were not associated with hospitalization. Enter search terms to find related medical topics, multimedia and more. This is the American ICD-10-CM version of S61.451A - other international versions of ICD-10 S61.451A may differ. The most common cause of human bites is a tooth-induced injury to the metacarpophalangeal joint as a result of a punch to the mouth (clenched fist injury). Created for people with ongoing healthcare needs but benefits everyone. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Additionally, cats mouths carry a large number of bacteria which can cause serious infections in bite wounds. Last medically reviewed on March 22, 2021. 2015 Jan;23(1):47-57. doi: 10.5435/JAAOS-23-01-47. The information shared in this article is not a substitute for medical care. 2020 Jul 23;12(7):e9357. CSD is transmitted when a cat carrying the infection: The following animals are at the highest risk of carrying the infection: Its important to know that CSD is most common in children. This data suggests that a lot of cat bites come when petting or interacting with cats. NCI CPTC Antibody Characterization Program. o [ pediatric abdominal pain ] 2022 Dec 16;55:e0372-2022. While all bites carry bacteria, your body manages to fend off most infections from dog bites. Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. Patient demographics, medical history, physical examination findings, laboratory values, and long-term follow-up data were collected. Cats, like many other mammals, can carry rabies. Our website services, content, and products are for informational purposes only. Common symptoms are localized bone pain and tenderness with constitutional symptoms (in acute read more . If you cant capture the cat, you might need to start rabies vaccination as a precaution. Tendon necrosis and rupture; Hand dysfunction; Amputation; Systemic infection ~75% of cases are associated with antecedent injury. Adult cats bite out of fear, to assert dominance, or to demand attention. There was limited range of motion at the PIP joint on the second digit. Infection is the consequence of cat bites that medical professionals are most worried about. SUNDAY, Feb. 9, 2014 (HealthDay News) -- Cat bites may look less serious than dog bites, but beware: They can cause dangerous infections, particularly when they involve the hand, new research indicates. In areas where MRSA is prevalent, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, clindamycin, doxycycline, or linezolid should be used instead of a cephalosporin. Bookshelf If the cat who bit you was not current on his rabies vaccination or was a stray with unknown vaccination status, you may need to undergo prophylactic treatment for rabies. Epub 2021 Jul 2. Because cat bites usually cover a small area, you will probably be able to cover it with an over-the-counter adhesive Band Aid. Monitor the area over the following few days for any usual symptoms or pain. However, more severe reactions can occur, and rashes can develop. Debridement including removal of foreign material associated with open fractures and or dislocations; skin, subcutaneous tissue, muscle fascia, muscle, and bone (11012) Debridement; skin, subcutaneous tissue, and muscle (11043) Debridement; skin, subcutaneous tissue, muscle, and bone (11044) Excisional preparation or creation of recipient site . Stress the importance of immediately washing the wound with antiseptic solution and water and seeking immediate evaluation. The .gov means its official.