The Gonzales homicide was merely one representative example of the larger problem of violence stemming from the war between the Texas Syndicate and the Texas Mexican Mafia that raged inside the walls of the prison units. This case began in the early 1970s through the efforts of an inmate writ-writer named David Resendez Ruz and ultimately exposed the unconstitutionality of the Texas prison system. Fourteen died and 13 . Arredondo had been ineffective for the prison gang, and failed them on several occasions. In fact, the building tender system had purposely ignored Mexican Americans as potential candidates based on racial ideas. The complicated history of Whiteness in U.S. history has been explored in the scholarship on Mexican American history but is virtually non-existent in mass incarceration scholarship. Membership was tied to their regional home state and in this case trumped ethnicity as the only restriction towards membership. In South Texas, Sandoval primarily interacted with Mexican American friends from the barrios and the housing projects of Kingsville, TX. (Gang Intelligence 101), In 1990, Texas Syndicate members murder two Houston-area parolees, Anthony Rosalio Acosta, 42, and Jimmy Lopez Rangel, 29, in a desert southeast of El Paso. 14764 03/20/1991 278TH Judicial District Court, Scholarships and Resources for Hispanic and Latino Students. The State of Texas vs Luis H. Sandoval Case No. Bloody Sunday 2002 R 1 h 51 m IMDb RATING 7.6 /10 25K YOUR RATING Rate Drama History War A dramatization of the Irish civil rights protest march and subsequent massacre by British troops on January 30, 1972. On Sunday, March 7, 1965, in Selma, some 600 marchers lining up behind SNCC's John Lewis and SCLC's Hosea Williams did not seem to expect much violence despite the city's notoriety for violence against the Civil Rights Movement. Sandovals letter was a scathing criticism of the TDCJs good ol boy system, which Sandoval claimed has ruled with an iron fist since the penal system was first established (Draper 1991). The Azteca's murder their TS victim by slamming his head through jail bars. Building tenders were inmates who were tasked with monitoring and ultimately controlling the rest of the inmate population. Prison gangs used this to their advantage as they pursued a more diversionary approach to committing acts of homicide. Additionally, it is also crucial to highlight why Sandoval became a prison guard in the first place. Sandoval grew up in Alice, TX, a city with a population of approximately 20,000. Infiltration into these groups is thus very difficult. Formed in the California prison system in the 1970s by incarcerated Tejanos, the Texas Syndicate sought protection against Californios. Mexican Americans prison gangs are the focus of this study as they have been the most disruptive and most influential in impacting Texas prison institutions and administrations. Location: Texas . - Were still trying to learn about their culture and figure out what makes them tick, James Farley, FBI supervisory special agent, and expert on organized crime, says of the Albanians. Hernandez, who was serving a life sentence plus eight years for Travis County convictions of attempted capital murder and illegal possession of a firearm, was the second-in-command of the Texas Syndicate prison gang. Ethnicity played various roles in prisons. The Texas Syndicate or Syndicato Tejano was the first prison gang to heavily impact the prison system in Texas. We found that "Eulinda" was a cover-up for some other business, said high criminal counselor from Dsseldorf Rainer Bruckert. (Gang Intelligence 101), In 1986, Texas Syndicate member Rogelio Hernandez murders Officer Jose Herrera during an attempted escape from the Webb County Jail. This would also provide an insight into the reach of prison gangs like the Texas Syndicate towards prison guards. This influenced who the prison gang incorporated into their monetary endeavors. U2's "Sunday Bloody Sunday" version of the song is designed to transport the listener into 1970's war-torn Ireland where your present watching the horror unfold as an observer. Bloody Sunday proved to be a turning point in the civil rights movement that led to the passage of the Voting Rights Act of 1965. Due to the fact that the Mafia families are based on the blood ties, which is a factor that restricts the number of the clan members, the bonds between them are very strong, which makes getting close to and infiltrating into them almost impossible. With the lack of social mobility due to economic constraints, Mexican Americans were forced into what limited opportunities were afforded to them. F or many on both sides of the Irish Sea, the killing of 14 unarmed civil rights demonstrators by members of the British army's Parachute Regiment on Bloody Sunday in 1972 remains the defining . Similarly, Biden is hoping the Jan. 6 sacking of the U.S. Capitol . By John Dorney. David Weeks, a special prison prosecutor stated, more than 90 percent of inmate homicides are gang-ordered and more than one-half of the assaults are the result of gang warfare (Klimko, 1987). Texas Syndicate Gang Members Busted - Again. Copyright 2011, National Center for Gang Training, USA. He further wrote, I am not the only one who worked there that knows that TDCJ is linked to the gangs and their illegal activities. Since the removal of the building tender system many of the old guard force resigned and left many green guards to come in and figure out the new and changing Texas prison system. Bloody Sunday: Legacy of a fateful day in Derry lives on 50 years later. Total Value: $6,014,687: The day would be labeled Bloody Sunday. Sandovals lawyer Steve Fischer argued for their removal from the murder trial. The process of downing the duck is described as an inmate or a group of inmates manipulating a guard or staff member into undertaking very small tasks perceived to be innocuous. (Associated Press), On Jan 29, 2009, high ranking Texas Syndicate member Ricardo Ortiz is executed by the state of Texas for his role in a 1997 murder. Rudaj Organization The most famous Albanian criminal organization was the Rudaj Organization . These acts also garner the most attention as violence is habitually presented by the media, and more commonly consumed by the public. November 13, 1987. Unbeknownst to Sandoval, he was entering as a prison guard during a transitional period from 1979-1986 for the TDC dubbed a Broken System, as many court cases had upended the autonomous power of the prison administration during this period. In On Bloody Sunday, a new collage of eye-witness accounts, Julieann Campbell, a niece of one of the victims, does a remarkable job of taking the reader vividly back to a past that still haunts. Both were also newly employed prison guards, a continuation of the 1980s-increased-hiring-wave. The earlier allegations explored in the section on the downing the duck process was brought up by the prosecution. (Associated Press). Lastly, he had finally gotten to the point where they tasked him with muling drugs into the prison and participating in package drop-offs that likely contained illegal drugs to be brought into the prison units. Belgium The Albanian mafia has deep roots in Belgium, which was recently a topic of a special programme on Belgian RTBF Channel One. Two Texas Syndicate gang members were sentenced today to a combined 50 years in prison for drug trafficking in Lubbock, announced U.S. Attorney for the Northern District of Texas Erin Nealy Cox. Texas Syndicate, a criminal organization whose members and associates engage in acts of violence, including murder, conspiracy to commit murder, extortion and narcotics distribution.. The Museum | Museum of Free Derry - The Museum of Free Derry is the . Gonzales was a Texas Mexican Mafia member and was allegedly killed by members of the Texas Syndicate (Buentello, 1986). TheTexas Syndicate(or Syndicato Tejano) is a mostly Texas-based prison gang that includes Hispanic and at one time White members (The organization at one time did allow non-Hispanic members to join, but that policy was repealed in the 1980s). Contemporarily, its population numbers have been consistent and Alice has historically also largely been populated primarily by people of Mexican descent. There are a lot of ways they can get you in trouble (McKay, 1991). "The road for arms and people, meaning illegal immigrants destined for Europe, is in Albanian hands." He took over the crew sometime between 1932 and 1936, Terranova was being "put on the shelf" (meaning forced into retirement) by the new Luciano-Genovese-Costello regime of the Luciano crime family. PHOTO: Crowd of petitioners, led by Father Gapon, near Narva Gate, St. Petersburg. Home - Julian Samora Research Institute - Michigan State University Director Paul Greengrass Writer Paul Greengrass Stars James Nesbitt Tim Pigott-Smith Nicholas Farrell Over thirty people lost their lives in a notorious welter of political violence, that made headlines across Ireland and across the world. They have been reported in the Federal Correctional Institute at Oakdale, Louisiana, and in San Quentin, California, with frequency. This story illustrates the harsh reality of prison gang violence, but also the non-violent ways prison gangs influenced guards. Giuseppe Morello became the Capo di tutti capi (or boss of bosses ), but before long he and Ignazio Saietta were arrested and charged with counterfeiting in 1910. While Sandoval was found not guilty and was vindicated, it came at a cost. by C. C. Simmons. (Associated Press), In 1994, the Texas Syndicate and the Raza Unida agree that the gangs would share the drug trade in Brownsville by dividing gang territory in the border town in sections. (Gang Intelligence 101), In 1980, the Texas Syndicate gain full control of the prison systems drug trade after the practice of using building tenders to assist guards is ruled out by a Civil court. (Associates Press), On January 2009, 10 Texas Syndicate members invade the home of an Austin couple and rob the family of their TVs wallets, and vehicles. United Kingdom Albanian mafia gangs are believed to be largely behind sex trafficking, immigrants smuggling, as well as working with Turkish gangs in Southend-On-Sea, who control the heroin trade in the United Kingdom . Even while considering the institutions perception of the strength of prison gangs, they still largely lacked broad exploration in historical scholarship. Agim Gashi : Leader of an Albanian Mafia clan based out of Italy. Sandoval experienced the escalated violence in the summer of 1985 first hand as he initiated his career as a correctional officer. 8,126 Hispanic members operate across Texas, including specific reportings in the Coffield Unit, about 60 miles southwest of Tyler, and at the Allred prison unit outside of Wichita Falls. Bloody Sunday Marchers marching from Brown Chapel A.M.E. Church to Edmund Pettus Bridge on Sunday, March 7, 1965 (Bloody Sunday). (Gang Intelligence 101), In 2001, Texas Syndicate members murder ex member Hector Camacho in the Rio Grande Valley for his efforts in starting an offshoot TS chapter called Tejano Syndicato Originales (Sierra v. State, No. Their gang activity in this case was approved because of racial kinship. Blacks. And while Sandoval was acquitted, his criminal proceeding unleashed denunciation. Associations principally began because of his shared ethnic background with many of the inmates, where their ethnic kinship was highlighted and then thusly exploited by the inmates. The first generation Albanians have a tendency to be more violent than American-born syndicates, claims Hall. In the letter, he was critical of the Texas prison system. The history of Ireland: 11 milestone moments. (Gang Intelligence 101), In April 2002, members of the Texas Syndicate murder a Tango Blast member at the J.B. Connally state prison. Prison gangs were generally very isolated and closed off to non-members which generally also meant separation from non-ethnic members. Authorities said Sandoval unlocked a door to a hallway between a chapel and recreation yard at the Ellis I Unit and then left his post so gang members could attack Arredondo (Fair, 1991). The Bloody Sunday Inquiry, also known as the Saville Inquiry or the Saville Report after its chairman, Lord Saville of Newdigate, was established in 1998 by British Prime Minister Tony Blair after . He was fatally stabbed by confirmed Texas Syndicate member Antonio Hernandez who was serving a seventeen-year burglary conviction (Buentello, 1986). High ranking Texas Syndicate member Ricardo "Serrucho" Ortiz is given the death penalty for his involvement in the crime. By 1997 the immigration had come under the control of Albanian and Italian criminal groups, tightening relationships between them The Albanians are targeting affluent central and northern areas like Lombardy , Piedmont , and Tuscany . Law enforcement authorities estimate that different Albanian mafia families may smuggle as much as 440 pounds of heroin a year into Scandinavia at any given time. A later inquiry unveiled an army cover-up. Historically, prison gangs had been built along strict racial guidelines regarding membership, but also for those who participated in gang activity. The panel consisted of acting/front boss Thomas "Tommy Ryan" Eboli, underboss Gerardo "Gerry" Catena and consigliere Michele "Big Mike" Miranda while others served in the advisory capacity, Mike Coppola was considered an influential capo and was used to help the panel. Alfred Shkurti (also known as Aldo Bare): The boss of one of the most notorious criminal syndicates in Albania known as the Banda e Lushnjs (The Lushnja Gang). South Texas Syndicate in La Salle County, TX. Plaurent "Lenti" Dervisha : On the Interpol's and FBI's most wanted list as being the leading member of a criminal organization based out of Durrs , Albania , who Albanian authorities say is the brother-in-law of Lul Berisha ;a reputed leader of one of the 15 mafia families. ), 1997), In 1990, the Mexikanemi and Texas Syndicate agree on a truce. Derry, Northern Ireland, on Jan. 30, 1972. Two guards, Joel Lambright Jr. and Alex Torres, were also charged in 1994 with murder after Sandoval was charged and convicted (Smith, 1994). These allegations of internal issues of the TDCJ leveraged by Sandoval may not have been directly addressed, however, a new development became the designated base where prison officials addressed criminal concerns inside the walls of Texas prisons. The number racket controlled bookmaking and illegal gambling throughout Harlem and South Bronx making thousands of dollars a year. (TDCJ Security Threat Group Archives), In mid 2002, the Texas Syndicate declares war on the Tango Blast prison gang. The Texas Syndicate, a prison gang that operates in and outside of penitentiaries, is considered by state law-enforcement officials to be among the most dangerous criminal organizations in. They are led to believe they must join a prison gang for protection and in the process of believing this, they eventually secure longer terms of incarceration. Bloody Sunday Brian Lawless/PA By Mike McBride & David Wilson BBC News NI Relatives of those killed on Bloody Sunday have been remembering their loved ones on the 50th anniversary. It was also against the guidelines of the Texas prison system. The Northern Albanian Mafia which runs the drug wholesale business is also known by the name of "The Fifteen Families." So, I started realizing that if I did that I was going to stay here a lot longer, so I started thinking about my family and the world [and realized] they need me more than the family I was here with in this game (Riggs, 2011). Regardless of what skeptics may argue, they engage in various illicit criminal activities such as the drug trade, prostitution, robbery, and extortion within the walls of Texas prison units (Fair, 1988). A former car dealership displays a graffiti representation of Bloody Sunday on its boarded facade. First prison gang remains a force to fearThousands of Texas Syndicate members behind bars, but murder, mayhem continue. Links to Calabrias Mafia, the "Ndrangheta", exist in Northern Italy. Members of other ethnic groups can be accepted only to execute certain one time or secondary jobs. While violence is demonstrably visible here, the larger picture was that an economic free market was being fought over for control of the drug trade as well as other illicit economic endeavors. (Gang Intelligence 101), On Dec. 21, 2006, Texas Syndicate members are arrested for the contract killing of Julio A. Serrano. Their . The tension between Tejanos and Californios also illustrated the restrictive and complicated parameters of membership for prison gangs. While Italian gangsters may be three or four generations removed from the old country, the Albanians grew up under brutal communist regimes, engaging in protracted blood feuds with rival clans, and subscribing to a strict code of silence that makes the Italian credo of omert seem playful. It was on this day and in the following . It was the recently formed arm of the TDCJ that investigated Sandovals involvement in the murder. The wardens, staff, guards, and building tenders were predominately White.
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