Abstraction is an essential part of computational thinking. Part of Springer Nature. I can identify and describe problems and processes. [, Galteri, L.; Seidenari, L.; Bertini, M.; Del Bimbo, A. Sun, S.; Wang, H.; Zhang, H.; Li, M.; Xiang, M.; Luo, C.; Ren, P. Underwater image enhancement with reinforcement learning. These heuristics for computational thinking are very similar to the heuristics usually given for the 5-step scientific method taught in grade school, which is often written out as something like: These are nice guidelines but theyre not mandatory. In the case of the school register, the input will be a Character entered against the student name It could be / or P if the student is present, and N, \ or L if they are not present. The University of Texas at Austin. Generalization can help us to organize ideas or components, as we do when we classify some animals as vertebrates and others as invertebrates. Decomposition breaks down problems into smaller, more manageable parts. Students summarize a novel into a book review. This approach is often called computational thinking and is similar, in many ways, to the scientific method where were concerned with making predictions. (2012). All representations of a thing are inherently abstract. endstream endobj 70 0 obj <> endobj 71 0 obj <> endobj 72 0 obj <>stream Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. [, This dataset uses the images with good brightness and visibility collected from Imagenet as ground truth. - 67.227.236.71. Abstraction means hiding the complexity of something away from the thing that is going to be using it. Computers store and enormous amount of data and in so doing they utilize algorithms that simply use pointers or markers instead of repeated lines of text or data. (eds) Teaching Coding in K-12 Schools. Let's examine some other common problems. The conversion of Data to Information and then Knowledge can be done via computational problem solving. Zhou, Y.; Yan, K.; Li, X. In the case of insufficient natural light, the image obtained with the artificial light source itself is extremely distorted. Visit our dedicated information section to learn more about MDPI. 820827. The study aimed to evaluate the results of a computational thinking (CompThink) and learning management model using a flipped classroom (FC), combined with critical thinking problem-solving (CTPS . Through the structural re-parameterization approach, we design a dual residual block (DRB) and accordingly construct a hierarchical attention encoder (HAE), which can extract sufficient feature and texture information from different levels of an image, and with 11.52% promotion in GFLOPs. Nevertheless, our model does not perform well in enhancing darker images, especially in recovering details and textures, which means that it is still challenging in deeper waters, where artificial light sources are needed. Pattern recognition is the idea of spotting similarities or trends or regularities of some sort in a problem or some dataset. Using a public data set we will examine patterns in data and visualize or describe the patterns. Identifying patterns means that there is probably an existing solution already out there. No, its not, I said. Disclaimer/Publishers Note: The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely Learn how this concept can be integrated in student learning. Fast underwater image enhancement for improved visual perception. School of Information Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China, Hubei Key Laboratory of Broadband Wireless Communication and Sensor Networks, Wuhan 430070, China, National Deep Sea Center, Qingdao 266237, China. stream 770778. Can you identify all the general terms that you would need for this program to securely manage your timetable and your homework? A couple of examples are iPad apps for junior school, and Blooms Taxonomy. QT%^[g5XM.GTFySXX;S$[+?D@_[6E[jmYWNM~jxIoVx2I#UP$0mq'J"e'i[t4B/vdZciYh;'@3B$u$Wq|"60(puvCU More specifically, it is a set of skills and processes that enable individuals to navigate complex Were excited to share that Learning.coms EasyTech has won in this years Tech & Learning Awards of Excellence: Best of 2022 in the Primary Technology is undoubtedly a fixture in students lives. Vessey, I. Science: Students develop laws and theorems by looking at similar formulas and equations. Other examples show that the recognition error of the processed image is alleviated. Once a problem has been decomposed into smaller tasks, it is useful to try and identify common themes or patterns that might exist in other programs. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, Over 10 million scientific documents at your fingertips, Not logged in Example 2: How does pattern recognition work on images or photographs. HIGHLIGHTS who: Kay-Dennis Boom and colleagues from the (UNIVERSITY) have published the research work: Education and Information Technologies (2022) 27:8289-8310 Relationships between computational thinking and the quality of computer programs, in the Journal: (JOURNAL) what: This study examines the relationship between different forms of computational thinking and two different measures of . 853862. A theoretical exploration of cognitive load to guide the teaching of computer programming by tailoring the use of different programming language types (visual vs textual) to the developmental needs of students relative to the complexity of the cognitive concepts being taught so that the cogitative processing capacity of students is not exceeded. Two different Student IMS systems might have different ways of taking a register. a creative chef for a series of smaller problems. A similar puzzle to the knights tour, the tour guide must visit each of the major attractions in a city and find the most feasible way to travel between the locations to complete the task. Paper should be a substantial original Article that involves several techniques or approaches, provides an outlook for Pattern recognition is based on the 5 key steps of: Identifying common elements in problems or systems, Identifying and Interpreting common differences in problems or systems, Identifying individual elements within problems, Describing patterns that have been identified. Han, J.; Zhou, J.; Wang, L.; Wang, Y.; Ding, Z. FE-GAN: Fast and Efficient Underwater Image Enhancement Model Based on Conditional GAN. Cognitive Science, 12(2), 257285. However, the training process of GAN is usually unstable. enables us to navigate complex problems more effectively while helping to find relevance and clarity at scale. IEEE Trans. This process uses inductive thinking and is needed for transferring a particular problem to a larger class of similar problems. All mathematical formulas are a result of and used in pattern recognition and algorithmic thinking. The details of the hierarchical attention encoder (HAE) are shown in, For the discriminator, we use a Markov discriminator [, The conditional generative adversarial network introduces additional auxiliary information and can learn the mapping. EasyTech Wins Tech & Learning Awards of Excellence: Best of 2022, How One School District is Driving Digital Wellness in Students (& How to Join), What is Digital Literacy: Definition and Uses in Daily Life, Texas Technology Standards: Big Changes Need Big Solutions, Definition of Computer Science, Computational Thinking and Coding, Get Creative with Professional Development for Technology Integration. A teacher wants to look up details about a specific student. 127 0 obj <>stream Through the inversion of this process, the distorted images (fogging, blurring, color unevenness, etc.) Note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers. All of these required the people behind them to think about big, broad, and complex concepts; to break down the problem and to experiment; and to find patterns amongst the experimentations; and to eventually abstract this concrete knowledge to package it into these sterile statements that shelter us from the complexity and difficulty waded through to arrive at this law. In software engineering and computer science, abstraction is a technique for arranging complexity of computer systems. Feature papers are submitted upon individual invitation or recommendation by the scientific editors and must receive the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, Although each of the problems are different you should see a pattern in the problem types. The pattern types have a similar solution and once you create an algorithm for each you may see some similarities, however recognizing the pattern type of the question helps to create the solution. Lets consider our Student IMS. It was proposed by Ref. 7mNqp6obL -|.g`3~iwnq/d=1An<5a}$eLiYL#iACoF_DM@0uJLSf!i`H>/ Anna is equips managing editor, though she also likes to dabble in writing from time to time. Experiments on different datasets show that the enhanced image can achieve higher PSNR and SSIM values, and the mAP value also achieved significant results in the object detection task. Your home for data science. Pattern recognition is an essential tool in computational thinking in computer science as well as in everyday life. For example, if youre faced with writing a large, complex paper, you might choose to tackle it by decomposing the paper into smaller sub-sections and tackling each of those separately. Mirza, M.; Osindero, S. Conditional generative adversarial nets. Another way to think about abstraction is in the context of those big concepts that inform how we think about the world like Newtons Laws of Motion, the Law of Supply and Demand, or the Pythagorean Theorem. Consider the student search system, it can be represented using the following terms: Think back to your student planner program from Lesson 1. Here, we also chose PSNR and SSIM as the evaluation indicators that regard aggregation and concatenate as the connection mode between the encoder and the decoder. and pattern recognition break down the complex, while abstraction figures out how to work with the different parts efficiently and accurately. >/)gU)FOW_s U}Bgw5]\0QOo, \rz0gx1Ato{C -T/~3IjdzjXM'l2%50TpY?.G/-SYrUT5Af7. EasyTech Wins Tech & Learning Awards of Excellence: Best of 2022, How One School District is Driving Digital Wellness in Students (& How to Join), What is Digital Literacy: Definition and Uses in Daily Life, Texas Technology Standards: Big Changes Need Big Solutions, Definition of Computer Science, Computational Thinking and Coding, Get Creative with Professional Development for Technology Integration. It should be pointed out that because the training set and test set of the Mixed dataset are relatively small, the experimental gap here is not very large. Li, C.; Anwar, S.; Hou, J.; Cong, R.; Guo, C.; Ren, W. Underwater Image Enhancement via Medium Transmission-Guided Multi-Color Space Embedding. Decision Sciences, 22(2), 219240. x}YaHao=3\u_D(n@2|E?400 F/>Kf9YU`Hldz,yw;?^CO=|~w~{/5n;p;6:6`~N9qs} The second step of the computational solution, Algorithmic Expression, is the heart of computational problem solving. Understanding abstraction enables students to make sense of problems they encounter, helping them to not be overwhelmed in the face of something complex and to persist, compute, iterate, and ideate. Cognition and Instruction, 8(4), 293332. You may or may not be set homework for a particular lesson. Think of your two favourite games. and J.Z. ; writingoriginal draft preparation, J.H. UIQM expresses as follows: In the ImageNet dataset, we randomly selected 5500 pairs of images for training and the remaining 628 pairs for testing. This process occurs through filtering out irrelevant information and identifying whats most important. Lets look at how to actually find such a computational solution with the caveat that individual steps will be customized as different problems will require different detailed approaches. What patterns are visible here? List of Materials (all materials will be provided during the session). Li, H.; Zhuang, P. DewaterNet: A fusion adversarial real underwater image enhancement network. Although these are differences, all School and College IMS systems fundamentally need to be able to take a register. Qi, Q.; Zhang, Y.; Tian, F.; Wu, Q.J. More specifically, it is a set of skills and processes that enable individuals to navigate complex Were excited to share that Learning.coms EasyTech has won in this years Tech & Learning Awards of Excellence: Best of 2022 in the Primary Technology is undoubtedly a fixture in students lives. In addition, we downloaded the Aquarium Combined dataset, then trained and tested this dataset on the same hardware environment as the FE-GAN enhancement experiment. Pattern abstraction is hiding the complexities of one pattern from another. Comparably, formulas can be used in mathematics by using pattern recognition to identify situations in which a particular formula may or may not be useful. Compared with the state-of-the-art methods, our model achieved better results. Mao, X.; Li, Q.; Xie, H.; Lau, R.Y. These images were taken in a poor light environment, and the overall number of this dataset is small, which brings a certain degree of difficulty to training. Both of these test sets are from the UIEBD dataset, which is more challenging. In Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision, Venice, Italy, 2229 October 2017; pp. Abstraction is an essential part of computational thinking. ; software, J.H. Any structured thinking process or approach that lets you get to this state would be considered computational thinking. 22232232. It works by establishing a level of complexity on which a person interacts with the system, suppressing the more complex details below the current level. While the phrase computational thinking contains the word computational, it has applications far outside computer science. [. (@[YC(b,.`9h|y4jz3`+NLu L&0:h q&a /PnpNEq. Founded in 1999, Learning.com provides educators with solutions to prepare their students with critical digital skills. If we put data in the context of some logic-based reasoning structure, we can reach some conclusion based on the evidence; this conclusion becomes our usable information that can form the basis of actionable knowledge. It hides the underlying complexity in a programming language, which makes it simpler to implement algorithms and communicate with digital tools. Disclaimer: correlation does not equal causation; even if you spot a pattern, you might want to confirm or validate that prediction with other analyses before actually putting your money where your pattern is. 5 0 obj Chen, R.; Cai, Z.; Cao, W. MFFN: An underwater sensing scene image enhancement method based on multiscale feature fusion network. ; Zhou, T.; Efros, A.A. Image-to-image translation with conditional adversarial networks. The color, brightness, and contrast of the generated image were distinctly improved. Let's examine some patterns in these recipes - in general terms. In computational thinking, one of the integral steps to the problem-solving process is pattern recognition. [, In recent years, deep learning gradually occupied a leading position in the field of computer vision with its high plasticity and universality. Each participant at this workshop may have used Google Maps to arrive here today the algorithm generated to provide you the detailed instructions is based on pattern recognition. For them to use technology responsibly, safely and effectively, they need to understand the Digital literacy encompasses the skills required to use technology safely, effectively and responsibly. In Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Las Vegas, NV, USA, 2730 June 2016; pp. A single chess Knight is able to move on a small cross-shaped board. 542 TEM Journal - Volume 12 / Number 1 / 2023. Arjovsky, M.; Chintala, S.; Bottou, L. Wasserstein generative adversarial networks. 234241. Students create a personal guide that dictates when to use the formal and informal you in Spanish class or the two to know verbs in French, which, mind you, always confounded me. As technology continues to become more and Texas schools have big changes on the horizon when it comes to digital skills. 49524956. Through the learning of paired images, FE-GAN achieved end-to-end underwater image enhancement, which effectively improved the image quality. 32773285. 12221230. However, it is more directly cognizant than math per se in its ability to compute and the potential benefits of doing so. Abstraction is actually similar to the selective filtering function in our brains that gates the neural signals with which we are constantly bombarded so we can make sense of our world and focus on whats essential to us. In Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Salt Lake City, UT, USA, 1823 June 2018; pp. It can also expand the difference between the features of different objects in the image, improve the image quality, enrich the amount of information, and strengthen the recognition effect. We will examine this in more detail with the lens of pattern recognition. We apply the FE-GAN model to real and artificially synthesized underwater image datasets, process paired and unpaired distorted images, and compare them with the corresponding ground truth images. Once we know the parameters, we can see that baking a cake of many types is not that different --- because patterns exist. Deep generative adversarial compression artifact removal. The first step of the computational solution, Problem Specification, relies upon some essential computational thinking principles. (1991). Enhancing underwater imagery using generative adversarial networks. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-21970-2_26, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-21970-2_26. In this approach, we can also think of the Principles as the Strategy, the high level concepts needed to find a computational solution; the Ideas can then be seen as the particular Tactics, the patterns or methods that are known to work in many different settings; and, finally, the Techniques as the Tools that can be used in specific situations. After Jeanette Wing in 2006 described computational thinking (CT) as a fundamental skill for everyone just like reading or arithmetic, it has become a widely discussed topic all over the world. 2023; 12(5):1227. Thats all you need to know. Pattern recognition is based on five key steps: Once you identify a common pattern, there is more than likely going to be an existing solution to the problem. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12051227, Han J, Zhou J, Wang L, Wang Y, Ding Z. FE-GAN: Fast and Efficient Underwater Image Enhancement Model Based on Conditional GAN. Isola et al. Deep residual learning for image recognition. In this dataset, part of the images are collected by seven different camera equipment; the other part comes from images captured in YouTube videos. Outside of this, she has also led professional development for teachers in both English and Arabic and served as the primary editor for several university professors writing both book chapters and journal articles.