I have had but one answer from the beginning. I teach a seventh grade ELA class and weve just finished reading Walk Two Moonsby Sharon Creech. The effect of abolishing slavery, without conferring equal rights, he contended, would be [to doom] the colored race to a condition indescribably wretched and the dreadful contagion of their vices and crimes would fly like cholera and small pox through all classes. Every nation, owing to its peculiar character and composition, has a definite mission in the world, Douglass observed in 1869, but Americas mission, clearer than ever in the aftermath of the war, marks it as exceptional. 516517. [3] William Jefferson Clinton, Memphis Church of God in Christ Convention Speech, November 13, 1993, at http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/wjclintonmemphis.htm (November 8, 2010). how does douglass refute this counterclaim? In particular, slaveholders perpetrated no greater wrong than their withholding of education from those enslaved. The words you choose make a difference in your writing. -object: expresses one's disapproval, -consist of a noun and all of its modifiers, -consist of A made for and all of it helping, or auxiliary, verbs. how does douglass refute this counterclaim? Second, it indicates Douglasss reluctance to support more radical measures such as the plan for confiscation proposed in 1867 by Pennsylvania Congressman Thaddeus Stevens, leader of the Radical Republicans in the House of Representatives. Your claim is that you need a new cell phone. He was appealing to the public to honor those victims claim for a slight measure of compensation in a fashion carefully tailored to their needs and to the deepest of the wrongs that they had suffered. The analysis of the under discussion autobiography indicates a lot of major universal themes and human exploitation is one of them. Note that the only factual claim on the topic is the claim of fact. Educators go through a rigorous application process, and every answer they submit is reviewed by our in-house editorial team. In paragraph 5, (b) How does he refute that counterclaim? Why is Douglass surprised by New Bedford in Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass? For example, This evidence may be true; however, the objection does not change the fact that. By learning to read and write, Douglass eventually came to the conclusion that he was not living the life he wanted and longed to get away. Douglasss great cause was integration, and his great theme was hopefulnessrationally grounded hopefulnessin Americas capacity to secure justice for all, irrespective of race, color, sex, or creed. 117118. We must not beg men to do for us what we ought to do for ourselves. It is a dream deeply rooted in the American dream. At the center of Kings dream was the hopeful expectation that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creedwe hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equaland that all men, yes black men as well as white men, would be guaranteed the unalienable rights of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.[1]. A fair-minded observer could scarcely deny that for many Americans, race still does matter. The federal government would find itself surrounded by a hostile spirit in the lately rebellious states, he warned, and the strength to counterbalance this spirit would be found in the negroes of the south.[40] Moreover, a policy of equal suffrage would have, over time, a more profound integrative effect in the healing of racial divisions. Let us consider first the difficulties. At the same time, Douglass' exploration of Christianity, and its hypocrisy when used to justify slavery, and the idea that the promise of freedom cannot be realized when a group of people are enslaved, helps to bolster the claims that slavery is America's "original sin.". The purpose of an argument, whether it's in a paper or a speech, is to convince or persuade. In his reasonable faith in their ultimate triumph in America, Douglass found an enormous reservoir of strength that he labored to share with others. I know of no soil better adapted to the growth of reform than American soil. What was Douglass's purpose in writing his Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave? Rejectthe counterclaim. But this is the opinion of the Founding and, more generally, of the nations basic moral architecture that critics have propounded widely in todays schools and universities. Is there a solution for how to address or resolve the issue going forward? To the contrary, it was a hard-won achievement, and as such, it contains valuable lessons for all Americans and especially for those who, like the young Douglass himself, find themselves dispirited about their place and prospects in their country. It had given me a view of my wretched condition, without the remedy. Douglass's really has two central claims in theNarrative. To be deprived of the vote in America, or in any democracy, he continued, is to suffer a double injustice. In response, however, influential scholars and activists have embraced a radical critique of America that is much more likely to worsen those problems than it is to resolve them. IV, p. 514. I hope you win your next argument! The power of education was also a key argument in The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, but it was not an argument with a consistent meaning. Let us know your assignment type and we'll make sure to get you exactly the kind of answer you need. What kind of "essay and delightful" speech does Douglas wish he could present? 2. [45] The manuscript is available in the Frederick Douglass Papers at the Library of Congress (Speech, Article, and Book File; Miscellany, Folder 7 of 20) and also online at the librarys Douglass Papers Web site, http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/doughtml/doughome.html. Note that every step of the argument is supported by credible evidence. Supporters of the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890 believed that. Every year adds to the black mans numbers. These paragraphs contain the author's sub-claims/reasoning, counterclaims, and evidence. A character which might pass without censure as a slave cannot so pass as a freeman. The climactic reversal in his youth came when he resolved to resist, and successfully resisted, a cruel slavemasters attempt to whip him. In an argument, your, 'My cell phone doesn't have Internet access,' would need to be beefed up a little, to, 'My current cell phone doesn't provide Internet access, which is necessary for me to complete all my homework.' [6] James Madison, Speech of June 6, 1787, in Records of the Federal Convention of 1787, Vol. [28] Douglass, Address on the Twentieth Anniversary of Emancipation, April 16, 1883, in Douglass Papers, Vol. Of the Blair bill, he insisted that the Negro needs it, the illiterate white needs it and the nation needs it.[56] Arguing in 1872 against racial segregation in public schools, Douglass described his purpose as patriotic as well as beneficent, on the premise that the public schools should function as a common platform of nationality.[57] Any measure that authorizes or deepens ones self-identification in predominantly racial terms is to be opposed, he maintained, insisting that race is a morally arbitrary quality. [50] My Bondage and My Freedom, in Autobiographies, p. 286; Douglass to Stowe, March 8, 1853, in Life and Writings, Vol. Douglass saw slavery as a, It is at this time that Frederick Douglass learns one of the greatest freedoms of all. In your argument for a new cell phone, your mom stands on the other side. Use etymological information in a dictionary to verify your choices, -obstacle: prevents progress Various options can be effective: 1. In paragraph 5, what does douglass acknowledge as a counterclaim to his position? James M. Washington (New York: HarperCollins, 1986), pp. Including using the example of Joseph and his brothers, as well as the Israelites being slaves in Egypt (a) In what ways is Douglass's word choice suited to his audience? a) the regulation of business protected consumers. [39] Address of the Colored National Convention to the People of the United States, October 47, 1864, in Life and Writings, Vol. It must be acknowledged that most of the Founders, with notable exceptions, were not racial integrationists; yet despite their particular doubts, racial integration is a legitimate inference from their principles, as Douglass forcefully argued. Today we're going to learn about the parts of an argument necessary to win one! III, p. 274. Sophia Auld, described as "a woman of the kindest heart and finest feelings," nevertheless became "even more violent in her opposition than her husband himself" after her husband convinced her that slaves should not be taught to read. After giving your reason, if your mom is anything like mine, she'll probably say, 'So?' Who can reason on such a proposition? Attorney Douglass does not refute any specific findings by the trial court, but simply claims in a conclusory manner that there was . Evidence should be from a source that's reliable, and it makes your argument even better if you have evidence from multiple sources. He claims that African Americans like himself have been denied the freedom that the holiday supports. In like manner, the election of Barack Obama as President might be viewed as the culminating, climactic event of the Civil Rights Era, signifying the advent of a post-racial America and vindicating once and for all the mainstream, integrationist tradition in AfricanAmerican political thought lately exemplified by King. [27] Douglass, Speech at the Unveiling of The Freedmens Monument in Memory of Abraham Lincoln, April 14, 1876, in Douglass Papers, Vol. At the same time Douglass is disgusted with education because it lets him know and fully understand the extent and horrors of slavery. Typifying a view of the Founding now common among scholars of race are remarks by Justice Thurgood Marshall, the first AfricanAmerican Supreme Court Justice and a hero of the legal struggle that paved the way for the Civil Rights Era. 'Mom, I really need a new cell phone!' If the claim is that the United States should ban capital punishment, an effective counterclaim would be that the United States should not ban capital punishment because capital punishment provides a sense of closure for the families of the victims of violent crimes. [58] The Blessings of Liberty and Education, in Douglass Papers, Vol. Add an answer. A reason tells why the claim is made and is supported by the evidence. 2023. Who are the experts?Our certified Educators are real professors, teachers, and scholars who use their academic expertise to tackle your toughest questions. Max Farrand (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1911), p. 135. A rebuttal is when the author disproves an argument. Thousands of black Americans did just that. Every beating, every death, every malicious act was all recorded for the people of the U.S. to finally see the error of our ways. Frederick Douglass (1818-1895) was a former slave who became a nationally recognized abolitionist orator during the antebellum period. Soon enough after AfricanAmericans gained the vote, Douglass believed, the interests of white politicians and voters would overcome their prejudices; blacks would be courted by the leaders of all parties, and their rights and interests would be recognized in law and policy.[41]. "Florida has estimated that the true cost of each execution is approximately $3.2 million, or approximately six times what it would cost to keep that person in prison for all of his or her natural life" (Spangenberg and Walsh 15). Search where you will, there is no country on the globe where labor is so respected and the laborer so honored, as in this country.[47], This, too, was a corollary of Douglasss non-exceptionalism principle. Measuring him by the sentiment of his country, a sentiment he was bound as a statesman to consult, he was swift, zealous, radical, and determined. -he wishes he could present a speech that was positive for the people. The Constitution, as well as the Declaration of Independence, and the sentiments of the founders of the Republic, give us a plat-form broad enough, and strong enough, to support the most comprehensive plans for the freedom and elevation of all the people of this country, without regard to color, class, or clime. How do you think that refuting a misconception strengthened your presentation? Profoundly aggrieved by that hell-black crime, Douglass yet struggled characteristically to find in it cause for hope. The main parts of an argument are: An error occurred trying to load this video. How many masters did Frederick Douglass have? Use the present tense of the verb. Our summaries and analyses are written by experts, and your questions are answered by real teachers. What [Lincoln] said on this day, Douglass wrote in his final autobiography, showed a deeper moral conviction against slavery than I had ever seen before in anything spoken or written by him.[26]. 42% of the inmates are black, although African-Americans only account for 12.5% of the U.S. population" (Walter). According to Douglass, how do laws in the South prove that slaves are human beings? 348349 (emphasis in original). The hook should be on-topic and supportive of the author's argument. IV, pp. He then begins to think getting his education could be his way to liberty and freedom and though he endeavors to learn much as he can, he starts to doubt whether he is correct or not. A claim is an argument in statement form. -yes! Slavery was an embarrassing time in Americas history. There are three parts of the structure of an argumentative essay: introduction, body, and conclusion. A claim of cause and effect is a claim that one thing influences or affects another. His careful planning paid off in September 1838, when he fled Baltimore disguised as a seaman and made his way ultimately to New Bedford, Massachusetts, where he settled, a newly married man, and took the surname Douglass from the hero in Sir Walter Scotts epic poem The Lady of the Lake. How he acquired it is a part of his story not to be neglected. With our Essay Lab, you can create a customized outline within seconds to get started on your essay right away. Although Frederick Douglass believes that the only way to freedom for him and his fellow slaves, is through learning how to build on. He analyzes the story of his wifes cousins death to provide a symbol of outrage due to the unfairness of the murderers freedom. IV, p. 68. Later, he finds out that while the conditions are slightly better there is still a great deal of injustice. I feel like its a lifeline. For the audience? So, there you have it - the four parts of an argument: claims, counterclaims, reasons, and evidence. Through the use of first person encounters, Frederick Douglass in his narrative A Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass argues that the key to freedom is claimed through education. Introduction (1 paragraph that contains the claim), Body Paragraphs (3 paragraphs that contain the reasons, evidence, and counterclaims), Conclusion (sums up the entire argument and provides a look to the future), Describe the four main parts of an argument, Explain why it is important to develop each of these parts in an argument. He returned also a more confident and independent thinker, and in late 1847, against Garrisons advice, he launched his own newspaper, originally titled The North Star. 3 - Reasons. in Literary Studies. An effective argumentative essay will bring up counterclaims for two reasons: An effective counterclaim will both disagree with and disprove a claim. The only solid, and final solution of the problem before us, Douglass insisted, was also the only just solution: the most perfect civil and political equality such that black Americans shall enjoy all the rights, privileges and immunities enjoyed by any other members of the body politic.[37] In its primary meaning, Douglasss fair-play, non-exceptionalism principle entailed simple equality under law, irrespective of race or color, but in the decades following the war, he was most urgently concerned with equal protection for two rights in particular: voting rights and property rights. In response, Garrison intensified his calls for the dissolution of the American Union, while influential black abolitionists urged blacks to surrender their hopes in America and emigrate. Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, An American Slave, brings to light many of the social injustices that colored men, women, and children all were forced to endure throughout the nineteenth century under Southern slavery laws. Explain, -no, he/she first denied it, then comes out telling the truth, Write a definition of obstruction based on your understanding of the prefix ob-. In Stevenss plan, lands belonging to the former Confederate states and their soldiers would be deemed forfeited and then distributed in parcels of 40 acres as homesteads to the freedpeople. Check your answer in a print or an online college-level dictionary, Identify and define two other words in which the prefix ob- means "against." He had finally conquered his fear of water. Your reason is because yours doesn't have Internet access, and your evidence says that students with Internet access make better grades. In time, Douglass came to see the wisdom in Lincolns prudent statesmanship, as he acknowledged in his most developed reflection on Lincoln, his speech at the unveiling of the Freedmens Monument to Lincoln in 1876. "The demographics of the death row population show a racial bias as well. Explanation, insight, example, logic to support the counterclaim evidence, Still, However, But, Nevertheless, Yet, Despite, Although, Even though, this argument, this position, this reasoning, this evidence, this view. Because they can defend for theirselves, their thoughts, and beliefs, Give an example of a disparity that you have noticed between two groups V, p. 625. On the other hand it will be found to contain principles and purposes, entirely hostile to the existence of slavery.[16], Building on the ingenious arguments of the 19th-century legal theorist Lysander Spooner, Douglass argued that the passages in the Constitutions text that admit of some ambiguity, such as the clauses commonly held to concern slavery, must be interpreted in light of the larger ends or objects of the Constitution as set forth in the Preamble. Your doing with us has already played the mischief with us. how does douglass refute this counterclaim? It is particularly important also to pay renewed attention to the most thoughtful apostles of the integrationist faith among the major figures of the AfricanAmerican protest tradition. Accessed 4 Mar. [32] Douglasss response was disarmingly blunt. Learn what a claim and counterclaim is in argumentative texts, and study examples of the components of an argument. Under its influence, the tender heart became stone, and the lamblike disposition gave way to one of tigerlike fierceness" (page 28). Douglass describes this memory as the "blood-stained gate" through which he entered slavery, and he is struck throughout at how the institution made tyrants of whites. In Douglasss day, the forces of disintegration were represented by slaveholders, white supremacists, segregationists, colonizationists, and the more extreme partisans of state or regional sovereignty, and also by black emigrationists and other proponents of black nationalism in its own more extreme forms. how does douglass refute this counterclaim?kids baking championship where are they now marshall park lunenburg ma where is boca grande beach where is boca grande beach Shubhra Mohanty June 09, 2022 Criticizethe reasoning of the counterclaimas being flawed, illogical, or biased. This is called the counterclaim. His story, an instant best seller, succeeded in confirming his veracity, but at the cost of attracting greatly intensified attention from fugitive slavecatchers. In a widely publicized speech commemorating the Constitutions bicentennial, Marshall asserted that in its infamously pro-slavery ruling in Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857), the Supreme Court merely reaffirmed the prevailing opinion of the Framers regarding the rights of Negroes in America. He claimed that Chief Justice Roger Taney, writing for the Court in that case, had accurately described the Founders views when he alleged that in the Founders day, black Americans, had for more than a century before been regarded as beings of an inferior order, and altogether unfit to associate with the white raceand so far inferior, that they had no rights which the white man was bound to respect; and that the Negro might justly and lawfully be reduced to slavery for his benefit.
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