[234][235] The most recent reprint was in 2006. In foreign affairs, Trudeau kept Canada in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), but often pursued an independent path in international relations. In 1984, Trudeau was romantically involved with Margot Kidder (a Canadian actress famous for her role as Lois Lane in Superman: The Movie and its sequels) in the last months of his prime-ministership[184] and after leaving office.[185]. Viva Castro!" [111] After meeting Schmidt, Trudeau performed a volte-face on NATO, speaking at a press conference of how much he valued NATO as an alliance that was established for collective security in Europe. Despite his personal motto, "Reason before passion",[4] Trudeau's personality and policy decisions aroused polarizing reactions throughout Canada during his time in office. [100] Trudeau and Cadieux agreed to the compromise that Canada would stay in NATO, but drastically cut back its contributions, despite warnings from Ross Campbell, the Canadian member of the NATO Council, that the scale of the cuts envisioned would break Canada's treaty commitments. Trudeau also remained active in international affairs, visiting foreign leaders and participating in international associations such as the Club of Rome. At the federal level, Trudeau faced almost no strong political opposition in Quebec during his time as Prime Minister. He is ranked highly among scholars in rankings of Canadian prime ministers. After numerous provincial governments challenged the legality of the decision using their reference power, conflicting decisions prompted a Supreme Court decision that stated unilateral patriation was legal, but was in contravention of a constitutional convention that the provinces be consulted and have general agreement to the changes. In his 1993 Memoir, Trudeau wrote that the outbreak of World War II in September 1939 and his father's death were the two "great bombshells" that marked his teenage years. He also doubted the feasibility of the centralizing policies of the party. All Rights Reserved. They changed for the better when Trudeau and President Jimmy Carter (197781) found a better rapport. His passing prompted tears and tributes across all of Canada. The objection of the Quebec government to the new constitutional provisions became a source of continued acrimony between the federal and Quebec governments, and would forever stain Trudeau's reputation amongst nationalists in the province. [39], In the summer of 1948, Trudeau embarked on world travels to find a sense of purpose. Section 35 of the Constitution Act, 1982, has clarified issues of aboriginal and equality rights, including establishing the previously denied aboriginal rights of Mtis. In 1967, he was appointed to Pearson's cabinet as minister of justice and attorney general.[51]. [125], As a member of the Commonwealth, Canada was also expected to take a position on the white supremacist government of South Africa (which had belonged to the Commonwealth until 1961) and whose apartheid system had attracted worldwide criticism. Trudeau actively supported the workers in the Asbestos Strike who opposed Duplessis in 1949. [27] Trudeau believed Lapointe had lied and broken his promise. He had suffered from Parkinsons disease, but the official cause of death was prostate cancer. With the enactment of the Canada Act 1982, the British Parliament ceded all authority over Canada to the governments of Canada. His role in this effort, and his related battles with Quebec on behalf of Canadian unity, cemented his political position when in office despite the controversies he facedand remain the most remembered aspect of his tenure afterwards. The Charter represented the final step in Trudeau's liberal vision of a fully independent Canada based on fundamental human rights and the protection of individual freedoms as well as those of linguistic and cultural minorities. [131] In fact, Trudeau did press Castro in private to pull his troops out of Angola, only for Castro to insist that Cuba would pull its forces out of Angola only when South Africa likewise pulled its forces out of not only Angola, but also Southwest Africa (modern Namibia) as well. [97] Trudeau himself noted during a speech given before the National Press Club during the same visit that the United States was by far Canada's largest trading partner, saying: "Living next to you is in some way like sleeping with an elephant; no matter how friendly and even-tempered the beast, one is affected by every twitch and grunt". [31], Trudeau's Harvard dissertation was on the topic of communism and Christianity. Provincially, though, Qubcois twice elected the pro-sovereignty Parti Qubcois. Following their advice, he chose a career in politics and a degree in law at the Universit de Montral. in 1999, the year after an avalanche swept Michel Trudeau to his death in the lake. [73] Negotiations with the provinces by Minister of Justice John Turner created a draft agreement, known as the Victoria Charter, that entrenched a charter of rights, bilingualism, and a guarantee of a veto of constitutional amendments for Ontario and Quebec, as well as regional vetoes for Western Canada and Atlantic Canada, within the new constitution. [130], Trudeau was known as a friend of Fidel Castro, the leader of Cuba. [91] Halstead stated that Trudeau viewed foreign policy as "only for dabbing", saying he much preferred domestic affairs. Margaret Joan Trudeau (ne Sinclair, formerly Kemper; born September 10, 1948) is a Canadian activist. [7][8] In 1659, the first Trudeau to arrive in Canada was tienne Trudeau or Truteau (16411712), a carpenter and home builder from La Rochelle. He published his memoirs in 1993. The widely remembered perception is that Trudeau dismissed the protesters' concerns with "Why should I sell your wheat?" Lapointe had been a Liberal MP during the 1917 Conscription Crisis, in which the Canadian government had deployed up to 1,200 soldiers to suppress the Quebec City anti-conscription Easter Riots in March and April 1918. He was devastated by the death of his youngest son, Michel Trudeau, who was killed in an avalanche on November 13, 1998. His election campaign benefited from an unprecedented wave of personal popularity called "Trudeaumania",[1][56][57] which saw Trudeau mobbed by throngs of youths. In no small part, it defined him. In 2015, his oldest son Justin followed in his political footsteps. [205], A prequel, Trudeau II: Maverick in the Making, was released in 2005. The breadth of the legislation, which touched on many powers traditionally considered the purview of the provinces, prompted a Supreme Court reference that only upheld the legislation as an emergency requiring Federal intervention under the British North America Act. He and Turner then crafted a legal agreement calling for Turner to advise an additional 70 patronage appointments. The White Paper prompted the first major national mobilization of Indian and Aboriginal activists against the federal government's proposal, leading to Trudeau setting aside the legislation. [71], Although this response is still controversial and was opposed at the time as excessive by parliamentarians like Tommy Douglas and David Lewis, it was met with only limited objections from the public. [4] It is seen as advancing civil rights and liberties and has become a cornerstone of Canadian values for most Canadians. Several world politicians, including former US President Jimmy Carter and Fidel Castro, attended the funeral. [181], The couple had three sons: the first two, 23rd and current Prime Minister Justin (born 1971), and Alexandre (born 1973), were both born on Christmas Day two years apart. Trudeau's most enduring legacy may lie in his contribution to Canadian nationalism, and of pride in Canada in and for itself rather than as a derivative of the British Commonwealth. Trudeau continued his full-time studies in law at the Universit de Montral while in the COTC from 1940 until his graduation in 1943. Stphane Demers performs in the role.[206]. He finally did so in 1979, only two months from the five-year limit provided under the British North America Act. Pierre Trudeau,. Canada more than ever welcomed American investments during the "stagflation" (high inflation and high unemployment at the same time) that hurt both nations in the 1970s. During the convention, prominent Cabinet Minister Judy LaMarsh was caught on television profanely stating that Trudeau wasn't a Liberal. [104] As a consequence, Canadian-American relations which were already under stress because of the mutual contempt between Nixon and Trudeau, reached a post-war nadir. [64], During the refugee crisis caused by the flight of the so-called "boat people" from Vietnam as thousands of people, mostly ethnic Chinese, fled Communist Vietnam in makeshift boats across the South China Sea, usually to the British colony of Hong Kong, the Trudeau government was generous in granting asylum to the refugees. [141], However, before a leadership convention could be held, with Trudeau's blessing and Allan MacEachen's manoeuvring in the house, the Liberals supported an NDP subamendment to Clark's budget stating that the House had no confidence in the budget. During the annual 1975 Christmas interview with CTV, Trudeau discussed the economy, citing market failures and stating that more state intervention would be necessary. Biography Timeline 1919 He was also previously a teacher and actor. He was buried in the Trudeau family crypt in Saint-Rmi-de-Napierville Cemetery. First Nations Peoples would be incorporated fully into provincial government responsibilities as equal Canadian citizens, and reserve status would be removed imposing the laws of private property in indigenous communities. [4] In response to a formal request from the Canadian Houses of Parliament, the British Parliament passed an act ceding to the governments of Canada the full responsibility for amending Canada's Constitution. "In the Name of Liberalism: Pierre Trudeau, Organized Labour, and the Canadian Social Democratic Left, 19491959.". Pierre Trudeau was from a well-to-do family in Montreal. [75], Partially in an attempt to shore up his support, Bourassa called a surprise election in 1976 that resulted in Ren Lvesque and the Parti Qubcois (PQ) winning a majority government. Pierre Trudeau Net Worth is $600,000 Pierre Trudeau Bio/Wiki, Net Worth, Married 2018. . [94], In 19681969, Trudeau wanted to pull Canada out of NATO, arguing that the MAD (Mutually Assured Destruction) caused by a Soviet-American nuclear exchange made it highly unlikely that the Soviet Union would ever invade West Germany, thereby making NATO into an expensive irrelevance in his view. The first, Trudeau (2002, with Colm Feore in the title role), depicts his years as Prime Minister. He was the father of Pierre Trudeau, the 15th Prime Minister of Canada, and the paternal grandfather of Justin Trudeau, the 23rd and current Prime Minister of Canada.. Life and career. [170], Michael W. Higgins, a former President of Catholic St. Thomas University, researched Trudeau's spirituality and finds that it incorporated elements of three Catholic traditions. Many people in the West saw the Cuban intervention as "aggression", and as a power play by the Soviet Union to win a sphere of influence in Africa. "University of Toronto Honorary Degree Recipients", "Mount Trudeau to be officially named in June", "What's in an eponym? [35] He studied at the Institut d'tudes Politiques de Paris (Sciences Po). Lawyer, professor, author and defender of human rights this statesman served as Prime Minister of Canada for fifteen years. In 1991, Trudeau welcomed a daughter, Sarah Elizabeth, with lawyer Deborah Coyne. [22] On the eve of the election, during the annual Saint-Jean-Baptiste Day parade in Montreal, rioting Quebec sovereignists threw rocks and bottles at the grandstand where Trudeau was seated, chanting "Trudeau au poteau!" The crisis began when Quebec separatist group kidnapped a Quebec official and a British trade commissioner. While revenues decreased for Western provinces (particularly Alberta) and for the petroleum industry, Trudeau's government subsidized Eastern consumers, angering Alberta, who successfully fought for control of its natural resources in 1930. The Harvard dissertation remained unfinished when Trudeau briefly entered a doctoral program to study under the socialist economist Harold Laski at the London School of Economics (LSE). Not Available: He held his firs major political office as a Member of the Canadian Parliament in 1965. His flamboyant and charismatic personality meshed well with the changing attitudes and opinions of the late 1960s. Trudeau also sought to officially and completely separate Canada from .css-47aoac{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-thickness:0.0625rem;text-decoration-color:inherit;text-underline-offset:0.25rem;color:#A00000;-webkit-transition:all 0.3s ease-in-out;transition:all 0.3s ease-in-out;}.css-47aoac:hover{color:#595959;text-decoration-color:border-link-body-hover;}Queen Elizabeth IIs Britain. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. In the documentary mini-series The Champions directed by Donald Brittain, Trudeau was the co-subject along with Ren Lvesque. This monumental act brought about new and widespread civil rights for all Canadians. He served as leader of the Liberal Party of Canada from 1968 to 1984. [136], The Liberals were re-elected with a majority government with 141 of the 264 seats, prompting Stanfield's retirement. [188][unreliable source? Aired: TVO: CICI, Toronto. [194][195] Trudeau's strong personality, contempt for his opponents and distaste for compromise on many issues have made him, as historian Michael Bliss puts it, "one of the most admired and most disliked of all Canadian prime ministers". After 16 years as prime minister, Trudeau retired from politics in 1984. [23] Trudeau described a speech he heard in Montreal by Ernest Lapointe,[24] minister of justice and Prime Minister William Mackenzie King's Quebec lieutenant. His father was a French-Canadian businessman, His . Photo: Evening Standard/Hulton Archive/Getty Images, Every Candidate in the 2024 U.S. Presidential Race, Your Privacy Choices: Opt Out of Sale/Targeted Ads, Name: Pierre Elliott Trudeau, Birth Year: 1919, Birth date: October 18, 1919, Birth City: Montreal, Quebec, Birth Country: Canada. The tax was equivalent to the difference between domestic and international oil prices, and the revenues were used to subsidize oil imports for Eastern refiners. I believe a constitution can permit the co-existence of several cultures and ethnic groups with a single state. Trudeau suppressed the 1970 Quebec terrorist crisis by controversially invoking the War Measures Act, the third and last time in Canadian history that the act was brought into force. Five days later Quebec Labour Minister Pierre Laporte was also kidnapped. He was succeeded by John Turner, a former Cabinet minister under both Trudeau and Lester Pearson. [72], After consultations with the provincial premiers, Trudeau agreed to attend a conference called by British Columbia Premier W. A. C. Bennett to attempt to finally patriate the Canadian constitution. [94] As a diplomat, the devout Catholic Cadieux had served on the International Control Commission in 195455, where his experiences of witnessing the exodus of 2 million Vietnamese Catholics from North Vietnam to South Vietnam made him into a very firm anti-Communist. Estimated Net Worth. [112] To show his approval of Schmidt, Trudeau not only agreed to spend more on NATO, but insisted that the Canadian Army buy the German-built Leopard tanks, which thereby boosted the West German arms industry, over the opposition of the Finance department, which felt that buying the Leopard tanks was wasteful. At least five men were killed by gunfire and there were over 150 casualties and $300,000 in damage. Trudeau's first budget (fiscal year 19681969) only had a deficit of $667 million. "At 80, Pierre Trudeau had been diagnosed with metastasized prostate cancer. Though polls portended disaster, Clark's struggles justifying his party's populist platform and a strong Trudeau performance in the election debate helped bring the Liberals to the point of contention.[140]. 22 years ago. Trudeau remains well regarded by many Canadians. [75] Trudeau responded with increasing anger at what he saw as nationalist provocations against the Federal government's bilingualism and constitutional initiatives, at times expressing his personal contempt for Bourassa. Trudeau's net worth is estimated to sit between $10 and $13million, or 7.2 and 9.3million. On September 4, 1973, Trudeau requested Western Canadian provinces to agree to a voluntary freeze on oil prices during the ongoing Arab oil embargo. [177], On March 4, 1971, while Prime Minister, Trudeau quietly married 22-year-old Margaret Sinclair, who was 29 years younger, at St. Stephen's Roman Catholic parish church in North Vancouver. Moscovitch,Allan; Jim Albert eds. [70] Five of the FLQ members were flown to Cuba in 1970 as part of a deal in exchange for James Cross' life, although they eventually returned to Canada years later, where they served time in prison. He dominated the Canadian political scenes for decades and was best known for establishing the Charter of Rights and Freedoms within Canada's constitution. His citation reads:[233]. According to Higgins, Trudeau was convinced of the centrality of meditation in a life fully lived. Home life When Trudeau returns to 24 Sussex Drive, the prime minister's official. Turner claimed that "I had no option" but to let the appointments stand, prompting Mulroney to tell him, "You had an option, sirto say 'no'and you chose to say 'yes' to the old attitudes and the old stories of the Liberal Party. "[153] Leaders of developed countries raised their concerns at the Venice Summit, at meetings of Finance Ministers of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Despite the criticism of the Nigerian strategy of victory via starvation, Trudeau declared his support for a united Nigeria and indicated his disapproval of Ibo separatism while expressing regret about the way that the Nigerian government had chosen to fight the war. According to reports, he also earns a significant amount of money from public speaking, apparently as much as $450,000 from some engagements. . Beyond his hip image, Trudeau had to lead his country through numerous challenges. Lennon said, after talking with Trudeau for 50 minutes, that Trudeau was "a beautiful person" and that "if all politicians were like Pierre Trudeau, there would be world peace". [97], The NATO question badly divided the cabinet. Trudeau claimed in his speeches that giving Quebec the constitutional status of a "distinct society" would lead to the Quebec government deporting members of Quebec's English-speaking minority. He met with Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev and other leaders in 1985; shortly afterwards Gorbachev met President Ronald Reagan to discuss easing world tensions. He died on September 28, 2000. According to Michel Gourgues, professor at Dominican University College, Trudeau "considered himself a lay Dominican". [128] Lee Kuan Yew, the prime minister of Singapore and the host of the conference later praised Trudeau for his efforts at the Commonwealth summit to hold together the Commonwealth despite the passions caused by the South African issue. On domestic matters, he championed the official implementation of bilingualism. [120] After the statement was issued, China and Canada established diplomatic relations on the same day. These include the 1948 release of the anti-establishment manifesto Refus global, the publication of Les insolences du Frre Untel, the 1949 Asbestos Strike, and the 1955 Richard Riot. All three men won in the election that year; Trudeau became Minister of Justice. ", "Forty years on, Trudeaumania still lives", "Omnibus Bill: 'There's no place for the state in the bedrooms of the nation', "PM Trudeau won't let 'em rain on his parade", "2000: Justin Trudeau delivers eulogy for his father Pierre", "Confessions of a mobster: 'My job was to kill Pierre Trudeau', "Castro mourns for Trudeau, who stood up for him", "Closest friends surprised by Trudeau revelations", "October Crisis Timeline: Key Events in the October Crisis in Canada", Young Trudeau: Son of Quebec, Father of Canada, 19191944, Pierre Trudeau Parliament of Canada biography, CBC Digital ArchivesPierre Elliott Trudeau: Philosopher and Prime Minister, Leaders of the Official Opposition in Canada, Ministers of Justice and Attorneys General, The referendum on the Charlottetown Accord, 19471948 civil war in Mandatory Palestine, Incapacitation of the Allied Control Council, On the Cult of Personality and Its Consequences, North Yemen-South Yemen Border conflict of 1972, Struggle against political abuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union, 1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre, List of Eastern Bloc agents in the United States, American espionage in the Soviet Union and Russian Federation, United States involvement in regime change, Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pierre_Trudeau&oldid=1142424728, Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Quebec, Canadian Members of the Order of the Companions of Honour, Persons of National Historic Significance (Canada), Universit de Montral Faculty of Law alumni, Articles with dead external links from December 2021, Articles with permanently dead external links, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from May 2016, Short description is different from Wikidata, All Wikipedia articles written in Canadian English, Articles to be expanded from February 2022, All Wikipedia articles needing words, phrases or quotes attributed, Wikipedia articles needing words, phrases or quotes attributed from May 2016, Articles lacking reliable references from August 2012, Articles with dead external links from May 2022, National Portrait Gallery (London) person ID same as Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, As a Minister of the Crown and an elected Member of the, He was granted arms, crest, and supporters by the. About Us; Staff; Camps; Scuba. Astrological Sign: Libra, Death Year: 2000, Death date: September 28, 2000, Death City: Montreal, Quebec, Death Country: Canada, Article Title: Pierre Trudeau Biography, Author: Biography.com Editors, Website Name: The Biography.com website, Url: https://www.biography.com/political-figures/pierre-trudeau, Publisher: A&E; Television Networks, Last Updated: October 28, 2021, Original Published Date: April 2, 2014. Home. The foundation said the 2014 total was a single gift from the Switzerland-based . [147], In their first budget, delivered in October 1980 by Trudeau's long-time loyalist, Finance Minister Allan MacEachen, the National Energy Program was introduced. The diplomat Marcel Cadieux accused Trudeau of being "ne semble pas croire du tout au danger sovitique". In 2003, he was one of the highest-profile Canadian journalists covering the 2003 invasion of Iraq, producing a documentary film for the CTV program W5, Embedded In Baghdad. He described the origin of the name Canadian. While mostly private about his beliefs, he made it clear that he was a believer, stating, in an interview with the United Church Observer in 1971: "I believe in life after death, I believe in God and I'm a Christian." On September 28, 2000, Trudeau passed away, just short of his 81st birthday. [38] He also was influenced by Nikolai Berdyaev, particularly his book Slavery and Freedom. Three kids in same family died tragically before daughter froze . Trudeau's Death. He appointed Jean Chrtien as the nominal spokesman for the federal government, helping to push the "Non" cause to working-class voters who tuned out the intellectual Ryan and Trudeau. According to Trend Celebs Now, Pierre Trudeau . [107] Britain's decision in 1973 to join the European Economic Community (EEC) as the European Union was then known, confirmed Trudeau's view that the United Kingdom was a declining power that had little to offer Canada while the way that Japan had replaced Britain as Canada's second-largest trading partner was taken as further confirmation of these views. [48], Trudeau was offered a position at Queen's University teaching political science by James Corry, who later became principal of Queen's, but turned it down because he preferred to teach in Quebec. [46], An associate professor of law at the Universit de Montral from 1961 to 1965, Trudeau's views evolved towards a liberal position in favour of individual rights counter to the state and made him an opponent of Qubec nationalism. He formed close ties with the Soviet Union, China, and Cuban leader Fidel Castro, putting him at odds with other capitalist Western nations. [149][150], This first budget, was one of a series of unpopular budgets delivered in response to the oil shock of 1979 and the ensuing severe global economic recession which began at the start of 1980. [197] Trudeau's electoral successes were matched in the 20th century only by those of William Lyon Mackenzie King.[198][199]. According to its filings with the Canada Revenue Agency, it received $53,018 in 2014 and $428,265 in 2015. Yes. His criticisms of King's wartime policies, such as "suspension of habeas corpus", the "farce of bilingualism and French-Canadian advancement in the army," and the "forced 'voluntary' enrolment", was scathing.[28]. [37] Over a five-week period he attended many lectures and became a follower of personalism after being influenced most notably by Emmanuel Mounier. It was the first of its kind in the world,[62] and was then emulated in several provinces, such as Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, and other countries most notably Australia, which has had a similar history and immigration pattern. Trudeau's inheritance was worth around $1.2 million at the time, and his speaking fees garnered him more than $450,000 in his highest-earning year. In this sense, he believed he was more like a Protestant than a Catholic of the era in which he was schooled. By the late 1950s Trudeau began to reject social democratic and labour parties, arguing that they should put their narrow goals aside and join forces with Liberals to fight for democracy first. [117] Trudeau hoped would be the Framework Agreement would be the first step towards a Canadian-EEC free trade agreement, but the EEC proved to be uninterested in free trade with Canada. For other uses, see, Joseph Philippe Pierre Yves Elliott Trudeau, Minister of justice and attorney general (19671968), Christo Aivalis, "In the Name of Liberalism: Pierre Trudeau, Organized Labour, and the Canadian Social Democratic Left, 19491959,", sfn error: no target: CITEREFBothwellGranatstein1991 (, Lily Gardner Feldman, "Canada and the United States in the 1970s: Rift and Reconciliation.".