As a Mesopotamian god, Idim was the creator of the first human, and the father of his immediate generations, as he was sometimes referred to in the ancient literature. Many years later, when the Israelites have grown too populous for the Egyptians, an unnamed pharaoh orders them to be enslaved and makes their lives harsh (Exodus 1-14). Shalash was the wife of the Syrian god Dagan. It's based on the fusion of a Sumerian god named Yah and a Mesopotamian god named Weh." Nothing about that sentence is even remotely right. Essentially the supreme lord of all the gods and mortals according to Mesopotamian religion. Although the Bible, and specifically the Book of Exodus, presents Yahweh as the god of the Israelites, there are many passages which make clear that this deity was also worshipped by other peoples in Canaan. However, Zeus isn't the only god in the Rick . Musician goddesses always mentioned as a pair who were handmaidens of Shaushka. But when they came together to wage war against their common enemies, they would have turned to Yahweh, the divine warrior who could provide victory. Enki, later known as Ea, and also occasionally referred to as Nudimmud or Niniku, was the god of the subterranean freshwater ocean. La was one of the goddesses who could be regarded as the wife of Nergal. The Shasu (also given as Shashu) were a Semitic, nomadic people described as outlaws or bandits by the Egyptians and, in fact, they are named on the column of the temple at Soleb among Egypt's other enemies and appear later, in an inscription from the reign of Ramesses II (r. 1279-1213 BCE), as among the pharaoh's enemies at the Battle of Kadesh. Contents 1Major deities 2Lesser deities 3Primordial beings 4Demigods and heroes 5Spirits and demons 6Legendary beasts Major deities Adador Ishkur - god of storms, venerated as a supreme power especially in Syriaand Lebanon Anshur- head of the Assyrianpantheon, regarded as the equivalent of Enlil Yahweh is the name of the state god of the ancient Kingdom of Israel and, later, the Kingdom of Judah. Shulpa-e's name means "youthful brilliance". (Deuteronomy 32:8-9, Masoretic Text). An The god of heaven, An, was believed to have been conceived by the Sumerians as the supreme ruler of the pantheon. Lugal-irra and Meslamta-ea are a set of twin gods who were worshipped in the village of Kisiga, located in northern. The origins of his worship reach at least to the early Iron Age, and likely to the Late Bronze Age if not somewhat earlier, and in the oldest biblical literature he possesses attributes typically ascribed to weather and war deities, fructifying the land and leading the heavenly army against Israel's . Manzat ("Rainbow") was the Akkadian goddess of the rainbow. [55], Towards the end of the Second Temple period, speaking the name of Yahweh in public became regarded as taboo. Yahweh originates out of Canaan though he is described [sic] concerning his theophany with Baal. [11] During the Hellenistic period, the scriptures were translated into Greek by the Jews of the Egyptian diaspora. dictabam interveniendas laboramus legavisset neturae in Hebrew Gematria equals 3210: d 4 i 9 c 3 t 100 a 1 b 2 a 1 m 30 0 i 9 n 40 t 100 e 5 r 80 v 700 e 5 n 40 i 9 e 5 n 40 d 4 a 1 s 90 0 l 20 a 1 b 2 o 50 r 80 a 1 m 30 u 200 s 90 0 l 20 e 5 g 7 a 1 v 700 i 9 s 90 s 90 e 5 t 100 0 n 40 e 5 t 100 u 200 r in Hebrew Gematria equals 3210: d 4 i 9 c 3 t 100 a 1 b 2 a 1 m 30 . [9] The notion that Yahweh is "to be venerated as the creator-god of all the earth" is first elaborated by the Second Isaiah, a 6th-century exilic work, though the case for the theological doctrine again rests on Yahweh's power over other gods rather than independent monotheistic reasoning. Known as enki in the sumerian language, ea was the mesopotamian god of water. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Bizilla was a goddess closely associated with Nanaya. World History Encyclopedia. Geshtinanna was a rural agricultural goddess sometimes associated with. Yahweh was a Canaanite god of metallurgy who was transformed by the ancient Israelites into the One True God, creator of heaven and earth. [12], The god's name was written in paleo-Hebrew as ( in block script), transliterated as YHWH; modern scholarship has reached consensus to transcribe this as Yahweh. 6:1-6). Ninimma was a courtier of Enlil regarded as his scribe and sometimes as the nurse of his children. (Type in a word or a number e.g. Kabta was a deity commonly paired with Ninsianna. It was not until 1957 that a team under the archaeologist Michela Schiff Giorgini, excavated the site and found reference to a group of people described as Shasu of Yahweh at the base of one of the columns of the temple in the hypostyle hall. Lulal, also known as Latarak in Akkadian. [37], Yahweh was originally described as one of the sons of El in Deuteronomy 32:89, but this was removed by a later emendation to the text. That's a fairly meaningless distinction. [72] Finally, in the national crisis of the exile, the followers of Yahweh went a step further and outright denied that the other deities aside from Yahweh even existed, thus marking the transition from monolatrism to true monotheism. Jewish God Yahweh Originated in Canaanite Vulcan, Says New Theory by Ariel David, On the Origins of Yahweh: A Response to Martin Leuenberger, Yahweh, the Canaanite God of Metallurgy? Bitu's primary function is that of a gatekeeper (. The monotheism of the Hebrew Scriptures would later be appropriated by the adherents of Christianity who would continue veneration of Yahweh, eventually known as Jehovah and then, simply, as God, and Islam would also develop the deity under the name of Allah (the God) beginning in the 7th century CE. The Book of Amos is a prophetic book of the Hebrew Bible largely Did The Judeo-Christian God Once Have A Wife Named Asherah? Yahweh the Destroyer: On the Meaning of Heath D. Dewrell. [5] The early Israelites were polytheistic and worshipped Yahweh alongside a variety of Canaanite gods and goddesses, including El, Asherah and Baal. Gazbaba was a goddess closely associated with Nanaya, like her connected with erotic love. Viel Spa beim Verlieben mit: MARC BROUSSARDMARKO HIETALA / OAK / SEEING THINGS / AORTES / OLD FOREST / KRBHOLZ / A BLACK RAINBOW / THE BOSSHOSS / MEZZROW / APHYXION / IMMINENCE / STARBENDERS / THE . [3] The origins of his worship reach at least to the early Iron Age, and likely to the Late Bronze Age if not somewhat earlier,[4] and in the oldest biblical literature he possesses attributes typically ascribed to weather and war deities, fructifying the land and leading the heavenly army against Israel's enemies. Dumuzi-abzu is a local goddess who was the tutelary goddess of Kinunir, a settlement in the territory of the state of Lagash. Ninegal or Ninegalla, known in Akkadian as Belet Ekallim. God has no shortage of names--He is called by almost 1000 different ones in the Bible. [45], Yahweh filled the role of national god in the kingdom of Israel (Samaria), which emerged in the 10th century BCE; and also in Judah, which emerged probably a century later[46] (no "God of Judah" is mentioned anywhere in the Bible). Secondly, the only source I can find for Yah immediately is. Just a few days before Super Bowl Sunday, in which Drake bet nearly a million dollars on the Kansas City Chiefs, it looks like he's hit with some interesting news. But Enki warns Atram-hasis and instructs him to build a boat that will help him survive the terrible flood. Yahweh as the all-powerful creator, preserver, and redeemer of the universe was then later developed by the early Christians as their god who had sent his son Jesus as the promised messiah and Islam interpreted this same deity as Allah in their belief system. His association with the forge, and with imagery of fire, smoke, and smiting, worked as well in describing a god of storms and war and so Yahweh's character changed from a deity of transformation to one of conquest. Lugalbanda was an early legendary king of the Sumerian city-state of Uruk, who was later declared to be a god. Cruda, funesta smania / Donizetti; Thine alone ; Ah, sweet mystery / Herbert; Zaz. [53] In the writing of second Isaiah, Yahweh was no longer seen as exclusive to Israel but as extending his promise to all who would keep the sabbath and observe his covenant. In Babylonia and Assyria, he was called Adad, in Ugrait, he was Hadad, and in Sumer, he was known as Iskur. University of Washington Press, 1998. who rides through the heavens to your help and the clouds in His majesty. Uumgallu ("prime venomous snake") was an apotropaic snake monster similar to bamu. Once the land is conquered, Joshua divides it among his people and, in time, they establish the Kingdom of Israel. When republishing on the web a hyperlink back to the original content source URL must be included. The oldest mention of Yahweh was long held to be the Moabite Stone (also known as the Mesha Stele) erected by King Mesha of Moab to celebrate his victory over Israel in c. 840 BCE. The inscription mentions how Mesha, after defeating the Israelites, took the vessels of Yahweh to Kemosh (the chief god of Moab), meaning the objects sacred to the worship of Yahweh in the temple, most likely the temple in Israel's capital of Samaria (Kerrigan, 78-79). I was wondering if anyone knew if this was true and could explain to me like I'm five one way or the other? Barbiere di Siviglia. https://www.worldhistory.org/Yahweh/. The Sumerian term Martu, also used as the gods' name, had a more vague meaning - "westerner." The god was envisioned as a tutelary deity of the Amorites by the Mesopotamians, and in texts he was a courtier or even son of the sky god An and his wife Urash. [47][48], In 9th century and the rejection of Baal worship associated with the prophets Elijah and Elisha the Yahweh-religion began to separate itself from its Canaanite heritage; this process continued over the period 800-500BCE with legal and prophetic condemnations of the asherim, sun-worship and worship on the high places, along with practices pertaining to the dead and other aspects of the old religion. [26] There is considerable although not universal support for this view,[27] but it raises the question of how Yahweh made his way to the north. The most important god in the Sumerian pantheon is An (known also as Anu to the Akkadians). Hendursaga was a Sumerian god described as "protective god with a friendly face" in inscriptions. 1. The Moabite Stone has also been reinterpreted in light of recent scholarship which demonstrates that the people of Moab also worshipped Yahweh and the reference to Mesha taking the vessels of Yahweh to Kemosh most likely means he repossessed what he felt belonged to the Moabites, not that he conquered Israel and its god in the name of his own. Ninmug was the tutelary goddess of metal workers. And the origin of the name Yahweh isn't a . The Book of Genesis concludes with Joseph dying after telling his brothers that Yahweh will bring them out of Egypt and back to the land promised to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. The character and power of Yahweh were codified following the Babylonian Captivity of the 6th century BCE and the Hebrew scriptures were canonized during the Second Temple Period (c. 515 BCE-70 CE) to include the concept of a messiah whom Yahweh would send to the Jewish people to lead and redeem them. He is the son of the couple Anshar and Kishar (heaven and earth, respectively), the second-born of the primordial couple Apsu and Tiamat. [10] When reading from the scriptures, Jews began to substitute the divine name with the word adonai (), meaning "Lord". erua was an Assyrian goddess associated with Ashur. Silili is an obscure goddess who was apparently the mother of all horses. Even the final edited form of Genesis II Kings [in the Bible] presents diverse views on the matter. World History Encyclopedia is a non-profit organization. Kus is a god of herdsmen referenced in the, Kusu was a goddess of purification, commonly invoked in Akkadian, Lagamar, whose name means "no mercy" in Akkadian. Books The rest of the Book of Exodus details the Ten Plagues which Yahweh sends on Egypt and how Moses leads his people to freedom. [11] The High Priest of Israel was permitted to speak the name once in the Temple during the Day of Atonement, but at no other time and in no other place. Yahweh, name for the God of the Israelites, representing the biblical pronunciation of YHWH, the Hebrew name revealed to Moses in the book of Exodus. Ishkur, later known as Adad or Hadad (from the root *hdd, "to thunder". Nergal was associated with the Underworld. As the traditional sacrifices to Yahweh (see below) could not be performed outside Israel, other practices including sabbath observance and circumcision gained new significance. The oldest mention of Yahweh dates to the reign of the Egyptian pharaoh Amenhotep III - 1386-1353 BCE. An Eblaite goddess of pre-Semitic and pre-Hurrian origin. Ki was a Sumerian goddess who was the personification of the earth. ", Ennugi was a god regarded as "lord of ditch and canal", Enten is a shepherd deity in the Sumerian poem. If you include nicknames, official titles and honorifics, some gods have hundreds of names! Muuu ("furious snake" or "aweful snake") was a dragon-like creature (sometimes a lion-dragon hybrid), depicted as a servant of various gods in Mesopotamian art. The first to mention this were Haggai and Zechariah, both prophets of the early Persian period. God, Devil, 100, 666 - To calculate gematria values) View Rude Words. Shul-utul was the tutelary god of the dynasty started by Ur-Nanshe. Mesopotamians knew him by his East Semitic name: Ea, or Aya. The Sumerian script is known as cuneiform, which, incidentally, is a relatively modern term originating from the early 18 th century. The ancient Mesopotamians believed that their deities lived in Heaven, [9] but that a god's statue was a physical embodiment of the god himself. The period of Persian rule saw the development of expectation in a future human king who would rule purified Israel as Yahweh's representative at the end of timea messiah. By the time these works were written, the worship of Yahweh had undergone a dramatic transformation from what it had been in the early days of the Israelites in Canaan. The words at the top of the list are the ones most associated with sumerians, and as you go down the relatedness becomes more slight. Aruru Aruru was the Goddess of creation. Ninkarrak, most likely of Akkadian, rather than Sumerian, origin, This page was last edited on 24 February 2023, at 07:56. [36] Although the Biblical account draws a clear distinction between Israelites and Canaanites in this period, and this was followed in early scholarship, the modern consensus is that there was no distinction in language or material culture between these groups and scholars accordingly define Israelite culture as a subset of Canaanite culture. Lane, Eugene N. Sabazius and the Jews in Valerius Maximus: A Re-Examination. The Journal of Roman Studies, vol. It is generally accepted in the modern day, however, that Yahweh originated in southern Canaan as a lesser god in the Canaanite pantheon and the Shasu, as nomads, most likely acquired their worship of him during their time in the Levant. What are the seven gods of Mesopotamia? Emesh is a farmer deity in the Sumerian poem. Enki and Ninki were two primordial beings who were regarded as the first generation among the. This paper views the relevance of cuneiform texts to the history of science from inside, i.e., from the perspective of the available sources, as well as from outside, i.e., from t Written in sumerian script but in a language closely related to hebrew, the tablets showed. They said something about how Yahweh was derived from a Sumerian god named Yah, and a Mesopotamian god Weh. Misharu ("justice") was a son of Adad and Shala. 9. Yahweh was an ancient Levantine deity that became the national god of ancient Israel and Judah. Whoever Yahweh was originally, and however he was worshipped, today he forms the basis of the three great monotheistic religions of the world. Shaushka was a Hurrian goddess regarded as analogous to Ishtar ("Ishtar of, Shuqamuna and Shumaliya were a pair of Kassite gods regarded as the tutelary deities of the. Dingirma was a goddess from Kesh regarded as analogous to Ninhursag. Idlurugu was a god who represent the concept of, Ilaba was briefly a major deity during the. 3000 - 323 BC, 2nd Edition, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike. Annunitum ("the martial one") was initially an epithet of Ishtar, Asarluhi was originally a local god of the village of Kuara, which was located near the city of. Question about yahweh after watching rick and morty. Introduction Venerated as the patron deity of Babylon itself, Marduk as one of the major Mesopotamian gods formed an important part of the Babylonian pantheon. In 598 BCE they invaded Judah and sacked Jerusalem, destroying the temple of Solomon and taking the leading citizens back to Babylon. [63] Prayer played little role in official worship. Yahweh creates the world, and hangs the sun and the moon in the heavens, as the Book of Genesis opens. For Yahweh's portion is his people, Jacob his allotted heritage. Ishum was a popular, but not very prominent god. Retrieved from https://www.worldhistory.org/Yahweh/. At the same time, the divine name was increasingly regarded as too sacred to be uttered; it was thus replaced vocally in the synagogue ritual by the Hebrew word Adonai (My Lord), which was translated as Kyrios (Lord) in the Septuagint, the Greek version of the Hebrew Scriptures. They saw the messiah in Zerubbabel, a descendant of the House of David who seemed, briefly, to be about to re-establish the ancient royal line, or in Zerubbabel and the first High Priest, Joshua (Zechariah writes of two messiahs, one royal and the other priestly). [61] A number of scholars have also drawn the conclusion that infant sacrifice, whether to the underworld deity Molech or to Yahweh himself, was a part of Israelite/Judahite religion until the reforms of King Josiah in the late 7th century BCE. Many scholars believe that the most proper meaning may be He Brings into Existence Whatever Exists (Yahweh-Asher-Yahweh). [67] There is no universally accepted explanation for such aniconism, and a number of recent scholars have argued that Yahweh was in fact represented prior to the reforms of Hezekiah and Josiah late in the monarchic period: to quote one study, "[a]n early aniconism, de facto or otherwise, is purely a projection of the post-exilic imagination". Enlilazi was a minor god regarded as the "superintendent of Ekur. (112). Yahweh, according to Amzallag, was transformed from one god among many to the supreme deity by the Israelites in the Iron Age (c.1200-930 BCE) when iron replaced bronze and the copper smelters, whose craft was seen as a kind of transformative magic, lost their unique status. Omissions? "God said to Moses, 'I am who I am.' And he said, 'Say this to the people of Israel: "I am has sent me to you."' [12] The archangels Michael, Gabriel, Raphael, and Ouriel and Jewish cultural heroes such as Abraham, Jacob, and Moses are also invoked frequently. The biblical narrative, however, is not as straightforward as it may seem as it also includes reference to the Canaanite god El whose name is directly referenced in `Israel' (He Who Struggles with God or He Who Perseveres with God). [66], Yahweh-worship was famously aniconic, meaning that the god was not depicted by a statue or other image. Anunit She was the goddess of the moon and battle. ", "Kinship and Kingship: The early Monarchy", "The Rise of YHWH in Judahite and Israelite Religion", "Proposals for the Original Profile of YHWH", "Jewish Religious Life in the Persian Period", "Yahweh, the Canaanite God of Metallurgy? Urkitum was in origin an epithet of Ishtar meaning "the Urukean," who eventually developed into a separate goddess. Mesopotamian gods and goddesses are known from the literature of the Sumerian people, the oldest written language on our planet.Those stories were written down by city administrators whose jobs involved the upkeep of the religion, along with the upkeep of commerce and trade. For only $5 per month you can become a member and support our mission to engage people with cultural heritage and to improve history education worldwide. Zababa was a war god who served as the tutelary deity of Kish. Ashgi was one of the main gods of Adab in the Early Dynastic and Sargonic periods. The Bull of Heaven is a mythical beast that Ishtar demands from her father Anu in both the Sumerian poem, Girtablullu were creatures with the upper body of a human (. Last modified October 22, 2018. Ninmada was a god regarded as a brother of Ninazu. Enki was said to reside in the Abzu, which the Mesopotamians believed was a freshwater ocean located beneath the earth that was the source of all streams, rivers, and lakes. Please note that content linked from this page may have different licensing terms. Unless labeled otherwise, books may be retained for four weeks. Akkad - The northern part of Mesopotamia. All of these stipulations and details were applied to the god later, however; it is unclear exactly when Yahweh was first worshipped, by whom, or how. These included El, the ruler of the pantheon,[39] Asherah, his consort, and Baal. The copyright holder has published this content under the following license: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike. 69, [Society for the Promotion of Roman Studies, Cambridge University Press], 1979, pp. World History Encyclopedia. [49] Features of Baal, El, and Asherah were absorbed into Yahweh, El (or 'el) (Hebrew: ) became a generic term meaning "god" as opposed to the name of a specific god, and epithets such as El Shaddai came to be applied to Yahweh alone. Bes was the Egyptian god of play and recreation. Although the biblical narratives depict Yahweh as the sole creator god, lord of the universe, and god of the Israelites especially, initially he seems to have been Canaanite in origin and subordinate to the supreme god El. Auch heute gibt es fr jeden Topf ein Deckelchen. Ninhegal was a goddess of abundance worshiped in Sippar. The centre of Yahweh's worship lay in three great annual festivals coinciding with major events in rural life: Passover with the birthing of lambs, Shavuot with the cereal harvest, and Sukkot with the fruit harvest. Yahweh is the name of the state god of the ancient kingdom of israel and, later, the kingdom of judah. After the Babylonian Exile (6th century bce), and especially from the 3rd century bce on, Jews ceased to use the name Yahweh for two reasons. Enslaved haben mit Heimdal vieles richtig gemacht und ein vielseitiges wie weitsichtiges Werk abgeliefert, trotz den erwhnten . [60] His worship presumably involved sacrifice, but many scholars have concluded that the rituals detailed in Leviticus 116, with their stress on purity and atonement, were introduced only after the Babylonian exile, and that in reality any head of a family was able to offer sacrifice as occasion demanded. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. In some cases, he was denoted as a consort of Nammu. Nin-MAR.KI (reading uncertain) was the daughter of Nanshe. Lugaldukuga was the father of Enlil in some traditions, Nammu is the primordial goddess who, in some Sumerian traditions, was said to have given birth to both An and, Ama-arhus (Nin-amaaruu; "(lady) compassionate mother") was a sparsely attested Mesopotamian divinity, explained as a title of the medicine goddess, Amasagnudi was the wife of Papsukkal in the god list, Amashilama was the daughter of Ninazu and his wife, Antu is a goddess who was invented during the. YHWH. a descendant). 4. (Deuteronomy 33:26-28), There is almost no agreement on his origins. Many legendary characters have more than one name. Though scholars know the Anunnaki as the gods of ancient Mesopotamia, fringe theorists believe they are ancient alien invaders from the planet Nibiru. Nanshe was a goddess associated with the state of Lagash, Ninazu was a god regarded as either the son of. [30] It follows that if the Kenite hypothesis is to be maintained then it must be assumed that the Israelites encountered Yahweh (and the Midianites/Kenites) inside Israel and through their association with the earliest political leaders of Israel. Mesha Stele - Moabite StoneHenri Sivonen (CC BY). Borr In 1844, the ruins of the ancient city of Soleb in Nubia were excavated by the archaeologist Karl Richard Lepsius who documented the site in detail but did not excavate. Thus Genesis 4:16, attributed by literary critics to the so-called `Yahwistic' source, traces the worship of Yahweh back to the earliest days of the human race, while other passages trace the revelation and worship of Yahweh back to Moses [in the Book of Exodus]. The way the Yahweh line was interpreted further supported the concept of Yahweh as the god of the Israelites alone since Mesha claims to have taken the Israelite god's vessels as tribute to his own. A number of superhero comics have featured the Mesopotamian gods (or at least beings using their names) as gods, demons, gods degenerated into demons, or Ancient Astronauts.Their resemblance to their depictions in the original myths varies. An (in Sumerian), later known as Anu (in Akkadian), Enlil, later known as Ellil, is the god of wind, air, earth, and storms. The personal name of God was probably known long before the time of Moses. Sign up for our free weekly email newsletter! The discovery of Amenhotep III's mention of the Shasu of Yahweh placed the god much earlier in history than had been accepted previously. In Mesopotamia and Syria, Artemis was identified with the goddess Nanaya. According to Mesopotamian sources, such as the god list. The Godchecker Holy Database currently contains 149 Mesopotamian deity names these are listed below. Nabarbi ("she of Nawar") was Hurrian goddess possibly analogous to Belet Nagar. "[14] The sacrality of the name, as well as the Commandment against "taking the name 'in vain'", led to increasingly strict prohibitions on speaking or pronouncing the term in writing. Shullat and Hanish were a pair of gods regarded as twins, and usually mentioned together. Amzallag writes: An essential link between Yahweh and copper is suggested in the Book of Zechariah where the dwelling of the God of Israel is symbolized by two mountains of copper (Zech. [82] In his Quaestiones Convivales, Plutarch further notes that the Jews hail their god with cries of "Euoi" and "Sabi", phrases associated with the worship of Dionysus. He further claims that the name of the god of the Edomites, Qos, is an epithet for Yahweh and notes how the Edomites, a people closely associated with metallurgy, were the primary workers and administrators of the copper mines at Timna and, further, that Edom is never mentioned in the Bible as challenging Israel in the name of a foreign god; thus suggesting that the two peoples worshipped the same deity (390-392). The three main gods were Ea (Sumerian: Enki), the god of wisdom and magic,. 2. Judah was able to withstand the Assyrian military campaigns but only by paying tribute to Assyria. World History Publishing is a non-profit company registered in the United Kingdom. Agade - Mesopotamian City. Although Christian scholars after the Renaissance and Reformation periods used the term Jehovah for YHWH, in the 19th and 20th centuries biblical scholars again began to use the form Yahweh. [31], Iron Age I corresponds approximately to the Judges period of the Bible. Uridimmu ("mad dog" or "mad lion") was an apotropaic creature in Mesopotamian mythology. The name Bl-arbi means "lord of the poplar" (the tree meant is assumed to be, Most historians generally agree that Gilgamesh was a historical king of the Sumerian city-state of. Your enemies shall come fawning to you, A freelance writer and former part-time Professor of Philosophy at Marist College, New York, Joshua J. Shuzianna was a goddess regarded as the second wife of Enlil. Mesopotamian God Names: Anu - "Sky," the chief god of the Babylonian pantheon Nergal - "Lord of the Underworld," the Babylonian god of death and disease Adad - "Thunder," the Babylonian god of storms and rain Ninhursag - "Lady of the Mountains," the Sumerian goddess of fertility and nature Die Antworten liefern Tracks ohne jegliche Abstriche wie Behind The Mirror, Congelia oder Forest Dweller, die frisch, unverbraucht und eine Moderne der norwegischen Klte prsentieren.